英语读写教程(研究生教材)教学参考

参

UnitOne

PartIComprehensioncbdacdbadcPartIIA.bcacdacbdacdbabdab

B.bddbcacbacdaaabacbcadcaPartIIIadcbacabbdPartVA.

1.Cakeconsistsofflour,sugar,eggandsomeotheringredients.2.Thecaptainoftheshipcalmly/tranquillyassuredthepassengersthattherewasnodanger.

3.Theareacaneasilybeworkedoutifyouknowthelengthandthebreadth.Width4.Itisdoubtfulwhethertheproposalwillfind/obtain/win/receive/gaingeneralacceptance.

5.Ireflectedonwhathehadsaidtomeandfounditmadesomesense.

6.Theambassadorpersonallyconveyedthepresident’smessagetothepremier.

7.Thepolicearetryingtofindouttheidentityofthemankilledintheaccident.

8.Onastormynighttheguerrillasmadeasecretbreakthroughtotheenemy-occupiedarea.

9.Thenewscommentatoranalyzedthecurrentinternationalsituationwithclarity.

10.Thepeasantssupplytheworkerswithfood,andtheworkersinturnsupplythepeasantswithmanufacturedgoods.B.

TheonlyhopethatIcanimagine,anditiscertainlyaveryfragileone,isthatweallagreetobelievewhateverwewishandtoworshipaswechoose,wewillaccepteveryhumantobeashumanasweare,worthyofthesamerespectandcare.Mankindisofapiecebiologically,physiologically,andpsychologicallyinthatweallneedlove,peace,security,food,clothingandshelter;wemustallsleep,reproducethespeciesandwedoitthesame

waywiththesameresult.InthemirroryoucouldseemeandIcouldseeyou,butourcultureshavetaughtustonoticedifferencesincolor,speech,clothing,food,marriage,beliefsintheirowndistinctivewayandthatsetsusapart.

C.

我们都信仰某物或某人。我们必须信仰，正如我们必须吃饭、睡觉和繁衍后代一样。人类信仰众神与魔鬼、巫术与人间奇迹、真理与谎言、爱与恨、同一与差异，并对这些众多信仰有着永无止境的需求和无法抗拒的吸引力。科学家们为了他们的信仰而被处死，因为他们或者认为地球是圆的；或者认为存在着一种看不见的被称为重力的自然力；或者认为地球并非宇宙的中心，而太阳也并不围绕着地球转；或者认为血液在人体内是循环流动的；或者认为人类是从低级的生命形式进化而来的。宗教领袖们用他们的关于生命的起源和道德规范的说教吸引了千百万人。如果人们不相信医学和科学，不相信宗教、教育、和社会契约，那么天下将会大乱，而任何社会都不会容忍这种情况，这也正是所有社会都把社会规范强加于他们的成员的原因。我们必须有所信仰，否则就得面对不能忍受的困惑和焦虑。PartVII

cbdbacbd

UnitTwo

PartI

dadddcbddPartII

bccadaaacacababadbdcabcadcadabadaabbPartIII1.discovery2.educated3.assistant4.full5.chairman6.director7.conducted8.connection9.particularly10.elements11.shared12.include13.announced14.honorPartVA.

1.She'snotfittobeinchargeofsmallchildren.

2.Ifeelpersonalsatisfactioncomesfromdoingeveryjobtothebestofhisability.3.Youcanplanasmuchasyoulike,butnothingwillchangefacts.4.Thesizeofthebrainhaslittletodowithintelligence.5.Arewageskeepingupwithinflation?

6.Feelfreetotellmewhatyouthinkofherwould-behusband.7.Haveyoueverthoughtofwhatitisliketobehomeless?

8.Ithinkthat'strueinsomemeasure,butthesituationisnotquitesosimple.9.It'llbecheaperinthelongruntouserealleatherbecauseitwilllastlonger.

10.Ifyoudon'tspeakgoodEnglish,you'llbeatabigdisadvantagewhenyoutrytogetajob.

11.Youarerightinasense,butyoudon'tknowallthefacts.B.

Theauthorholdsthatpurescienceisprimarilyconcernedwiththedevelopmentoftheories(or,astheyarefrequentlycalled,models)establishingrelationshipsbetweenthephenomenaoftheuniverse.Appliedscience,ontheotherhand,isdirectlyconnectedwiththeapplicationoftheworkinglawsofpuresciencetothepracticalaffairsoflife,andtoman'sincreasingcontroloverhisenvironment,thusleadingtothedevelopmentofnewtechniques,processesandmachines.Itisevidentthatmanybranchesofappliedsciencearepracticalextensionsofpurelytheoreticalorexperimentalwork.Thisshowsthatthesetwobranchesofsciencearemutuallydependentandinteracting.C.(缺)conPartVIIbbcdbUnitThree

PartI

acadbccdabPartII

A.adbcbaccabdcbadB.adbdabccddacabdPartIII

acdabcacdbacbdcbacdaPartVA

1.Thoughsheisveryfamous,verylittleaboutherprivatelifehaseverbeenknowntous.2.Toillustratehispointclearly,hewouldalwaysdrawapictureontheblackboard.

3.Itwasafterhersonwassentintoprisonthattheoldladylearnthehadcommittedsomanycrimes.

4.NowadayssomemiddleschoolstudentswereobsessedwiththeInternetsothattheyareflunkedattheendofthesemester.

5.Don’ttrusthim;heisneverasgoodashisword.B

TodayIwasattheshoppingmallandIspentalotoftimereadingtheFather'sDaycards.TheyallhadaspecialmessagethatinsomewayoranotherreflectinghowIfeelaboutyou.YetasIselectedandread,andselectedandreadagain,itoccurredtomethatnotasinglecardsaidwhatIreallywanttosaytoyou.

You'llsoonbe84yearsold,Dad,andyouandIwillhavehad55Father'sDaystogether.Ihaven'talwaysbeenwithyouonFather'sDaynorhaveIbeenwithyouforallofyourbirthdays.Itwasn'tbecauseIdidn'twanttobewithyou.I'vealwaysbeenwithyouinmyheartbutsometimeslifegetsintheway.C

在我小的时候，每当我被别人看到和爸爸走在一起，都会感到不自在。他残废得很厉害，个子又矮。只要我们走在一起，他的手搭就搭在我的胳臂上以求平衡。此时人们都要盯着我们看，而我心里总是会对这种令人羞涩和讨厌的注意感到耻辱。如果他察觉到的话，他就不会这样了。

要协调我俩的步伐不是一件容易的事---他一跛一跛的，而我不耐烦---正因为那个原因，我们总是一边走，一边没话要说。但是，每当我们出发的时候，他总是说，“你先启步，我来设法适应你。”我们通常所要走的路是往返家和地铁之间，这就是他如何去上班的。他带病上班，天不好也坚持去。他几乎从来都没有旷工过，即使别人不能去，他也会设法去。真是一件令人自豪的事。

PartVII

bdFcbaddccUnitFour

I.Comprehension

1)c2)d3)a4)d5)c6)a7)c

8)d9)a10)a

Ⅱ.Vocabulary

A.Directions:Chooseanswera,b,c,ordthatbestfillsintheblank.1-5:bbbbb6-10:dacad11-15:bcaad16-20:dcbaa

B.Directions:Chooseanswera,b,c,ordthatbestdefinestheunderlinedparts.1-5:ccdcd6-10:bdaaa11-15:babcd16-20:aaada

Ⅲ.ClozeTest

1-10:badca

bdacb

11-20:addbc

adcab

Ⅳ.Translation

.A.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishEnglish.

1.Thedevelopmentofnetworksgivesmorepeopleaccesstolargeamountofinformation.

2.ProbablynooneintheUnitedStateshadmoreeffectonthedailylivesofmostpeoplethandidHenryFord,apioneerinautomobileproduction.

3.Becauseadegreefromagooduniversityisthemeanstoabetterjob,educationisoneofthemostcompetitiveareasinJapaneselife.4.Oneday,you’llpayforthisfoolishbehavior.

5.Beforeliberationthelabouringpeoplehadnoaccesstoeducation.

B．TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:

国际社会特别强调制订标准和法规，因为它们将给制定、规范金融市场以及公

司的监督带来新的透明度和秩序。我们一直把注意力放在私有部门在防止和解决金融危机方面应发挥的作用这一艰巨的任务上。另外，在对如何实现资本帐户有秩序的自由化问题还在继续进行辩论。

这些问题是全球化的世界经济潜在弱点的核心。国际金融机构的各种工作要点集中在如何加强个体经济的力量\\增进民主进程以及减少特殊利益的影响上.

拟议中的改革的核心是要求在一个密切关联的资本市场防止发生危机，这就需要在国家一级执行严格的原则。对于任何一个国家来说，这提供了一个绝好的机会，因为这不仅可以避免国内产生的危机，而且还可以对付从国外传播过来的危机。

C．TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:

ThebasicprinciplesandpurposesoftheWTOaretopromotethefreedomofworldtradebymeansofmarket-opening,non-discriminationandfairdeal.OnNovember10,2001,ChinabecametheonehundredandfortythirdmemberoftheWTOafterthe4thconferenceatministeriallevelheldinDoha,thecapitalofQatar.TheresolutiononChina’sentryintotheWTOhasbeendiscussedandapprovedattheconference.China’sentryintotheWTOisofhistoricsignificanceinthemodernizedconstructioninourcountryandindicatesthatthecauseofChina’sopeningtoforeigncountrieshasenteredanewperiod.Chinawillmovetowardsworldwithmoreheroicspiritandappearanceinthetrendsofeconomicglobalization.

exe

1.ThedevelopmentoftheInternetgivesmorepeopleaccesstoabundantinformation.

2.ProbablynomanhadmoreeffectonthedailylivesofmostpeopleintheUnitedStatesthan

didHenryFord,apioneerinautomobileproduction.

3.Becausehavingagooduniversity’seducationalbackgroundhelpsfindagoodjob,educationinJapanisthemostcompetitive.

4.Onedayyouwillpayforthisstupidbehavior.

5.Beforeliberation,laboringpeoplehadnoaccesstoeducation.

ThebasictenetoftheWTOistopromotethefreedomofworldtrade,throughtheprincipleofopening-markets,nondiscrimination,andfair-trade.OnNov10,2001,atthe4thministry-levelmeetingoftheWTOheldinQatar’scapitalQatar,thedecisionofChina'sadmissiontotheWTOwasdiscussedandapproved.Chinabecamethe143rdmemberoftheWTO.China’sentryintotheWTOisahistoriceventinourcountry’smodernizationconstruction,andmarksanewphaseofourcountry’sopen-doorcause.Inthetrendofglobalization,Chinawillmarchtowardtheworldmoreheroically.

TextB(SHADESOFGREY)Comprehension:

d2)d3)a4)c5)d

UnitFive

PartI

acbbbdbcabPartII

A.acbdacbacbdcadbcaabcB.adbacdbacbadcbacdabcPartIII

bacbdabadcbabcdPartVA

1.Hewentintothechildren’sroomtoseewhattheywereupto.

2.Thelittlegirlturnstohermotherforsympathyandhelpwhenevershefeelsuncomfortable.3.Theysuppliedanimportantcluetothebankrobberyandallthecriminalswerearrested.4.Hepaidlipservicetotheneedtocooperatewithothersbutusuallywenthisownway.

5.Thefactoryisnolongeremittingblacksmokeintotheairfromitschimneysasprotective

filtersarebeingused.

6.Thecomposeroftenvisitskindergartenstolistentothechildrensingandtryouthisnewsongs

onthem.

7.Aftermorningexercises,hetookacoldshowerandinstantlyhefeltrefreshmentofbodyand

mind.

8.Hisdiscoverieswerehailedasagreatstep-forwardinmedicine.

9.Hescratchedhisheadandknittedhisbrowsbutcouldnotcomeupwithagoodmethodof

increasingthefoodsupply.

10.Hiscourteousbehaviorisinconsistencywithhisgentlecharacter.

11.Seeinghimsittingaloneinthecornerandsmoking,Iknowhemusthavehadsomethingonhis

mind.

12.Steamcangenerateelectricitybyturninganelectricgenerator.

13.Hismistakemainlyliesinthefactthathedidn’tattachenoughimportancetoinvestigation.14.Weareingreatneedofskilledworkerswhocanassemblecarsveryquickly.15.Themeetingdidn’tbreakupuntileleveno’clocklastnight.B.

Togetabetterunderstandingofhowadvertiserspersuadeustobuytheirproducts,we’dbetterhaveabird’seyeviewofhumannature.Advertisersdiscoveredyearsagothatallofuslovetogetsomethingfornothing.AnadvertisementwhichbeginswiththemagicwordFREEcanrarelygowrong.Advertisersnotonlyofferfreesamples,butfreecars,freehouses,andfreetripsroundtheworldaswell.Radioandtelevisionhavemadeitpossibleforadvertiserstocapturetheattentionofmillionsofpeopleinthisway.C.

广告能够直接促进商品以合理的价格更快地销售，从而建立一个稳固的国内市场，并且可能使商品以具有竞争力的价格出口。它将人们的注意力吸引到新的消费观念上，极大地促进了生活水平的提高。它通过增加对商品的需求来保证对劳动力的需求的势头不减，因此广

告也是对付失业的一种行之有效的手段。它降低了许多服务的成本：没有广告，你每天读的报纸的价格将会是现在的四倍，电视节目收费也要翻番，乘坐公共汽车或地铁的费用也要上涨20%。

也许最重要的是，广告为你所购买的商品和所受到的服务的内在价值提供保证。没有哪个正规的广告商敢推销没能达到广告中所作的许诺的产品。他有可能靠误导性的广告在短时间内蒙骗一些人，但不会长久，因为好在公众很明智，不会再次去买那劣质商品。如果看到某种物品的广告始终如一，经久不衰，那就是我所知道的最好的证明：这物品是名副其实、物有所值的。PartVII

acaabbcbcb

UnitSix

PartI

1.d2.c3.c4.d5.a6.d7.a8.c9.b10.dPartII

A1.d2.d3.b4.c5.d6.d7.b8.b9.a10.b11.a12.b13.b14.a15.c16.a17.b

18.c19.a20.a21.b22.a23.b24.b25.c26.a27.d28.b29.a30.cB1.a2.b3.a4.b5.a6.c7.a8.a9.c10.d11.b12.a13.b

C1.trendsetter2.stereo3.incorporate4.perceive5.gadget6.scoop7.intelligible8.competitors9.subsidiary10.simultaneous11.readying12.tailored13.audioPartIII

1.a2.b3.c4.a5.c6.d7.b8.d9.a10.b11.a12.b13.b14.c15.d16.b17.a18.b19.a20.cPartVA.

1.Allthenewspapersarestrugglingtoscoopupthelatestnewshappeningathomeandabroad.2.Thecommitteehasnotsettledonthedateandtheplaceofthemeetingyet.

3.Ifyouonlydigintothelessonsyouhavelearntbeforetheexam,youaremostlikelytofailthe

exam.

4.Fromthestart,hedidn’texpecthissongsopopularwiththepublic.5.Heprideshimselfonhisabilitytospeakseverallanguages.

B.

Imagineaworldinwhichalmostanyonehadaccesstoahugecomputerandcoulduseitaseasilyasheusesthephonetoday.Expertsaresuddenlyredundantasfarasordinarypeopleareconcerned.Thatisthesortofworldthefifth-generationcomputerwillbring.Thefifth-generationcomputerhasevenmoredramaticimplicationsforprofessionalssuchasdoctors,lawyers,accountantsandscientists.Allthesepeopleareneededbecauseoftheknowledgetheygainedatschoolanduniversityandtheexperiencetheyhavepickedupsince.

Allthatinformationshouldbeavailablethroughafifth-generationcomputer.C.

发明物

发明物：牙刷

发明者：威廉.艾迪斯英国发明年代：1770年左右发明经过：艾迪斯因煽动，被监禁在英格兰纽盖特监狱的一间牢房里，除了吃饭，睡觉，思考之外，几乎无所事事。他用很多时间来思考自己刑满之后新的谋生之计。一天早晨，他洗完脸，便开始洗牙齿。他所用的方法跟许多同时代的人一样－－用一块破布擦洗牙齿。追溯到古代，这也是人人奉行的习俗。亚里士多德曾劝告亚历山大帝用破布擦洗牙齿。乔治.华盛顿的牙医建议用破布蘸一点白垩在牙齿上擦洗。此刻这个身陷囹圄的艾迪斯使用的是同样的方法，不过他却认为这个办法效率不高。第二天，他有了主意。他从送来给他吃的肉里留下一小块骨头，在上面钻了一些小洞，然后通过看守得到了一些鬃毛，剪短后扎成一个个小束，在每束的末端涂上胶水，契入骨头上的小洞里。文明世界就这样有了它第一把牙刷。艾迪斯出狱之后，他马上就投身于牙刷制造业，一举成功。PartVIIbbacadbcc

UnitSeven

PartI

cbadbcdaPartII

A.bcabaadcdacababddabdcaabdB.acdbcbabdacadbbcPartIII1.falling2.struck/sounded3.along/up/down4.up5.pushed6.stop/halt7.front8.studied/regarded9.without10.pretence11.being12.down13.again14.companion/colleague15.corner16.bend17.disappear/vanish/go18.like19.time20.goesPartVA.

1.Hefeltoutofplaceintheircompany.

2.Ouremployerwillnotgivewaytoourdemandsforhigherwages.

3.Thenoiseofthechildrenplayinghide-and-seekgotontheoldman’snerves.4.Theplotofthenovelreliestoomuchoncoincidencetoberealistic.

5.Manypeoplewerekilledinthehead-oncollisionbetweenthebusandthetruck.6.Wehadtobreakoffthediscussionbecauseitwasgettinglate.

7.Thenextprogrammestartsinfiveminutes;inthemeantime,here’ssomemusic.

8.Asuccessionofaccidentsspoiledourcartrip.9.Onecanalwaysgetataxiatshortnotice.

10.WhenhestudiedEnglishatBeijingUniversity,hemadetheacquaintanceofsomeCanadian

students.B

OneTuesdayafternoon,Icarelesslyleftthecarkeyinmycar.WhenIranout,mycarwasgone.Threedayslater,Ifoundthecarjustparkedonthedriveway.Therewasanoteonthewindshieldandtwoticketsinanenvelope.Thenotesaid,\"SorryItookyourcarbutneededitforanemergency.Pleaseforgivetheinconvenience.\"Hopeyoucanusethetwotickets.\"MyhusbandandIbothguesseditwasn'tsobad.Afterafewhours,wewentofftothebaseballmatch.Whenwewereback,therewasnotapieceoffurnitureleftexceptthestove!C（缺）

PartVII1.setting

Dublin

IrishCivilWarroarsofheavyguns2.characters

aRepublicansniper,aFreeStatesnipera.hasgrownaccustomedtodeathb.carelessofhisownlifec.enduranceandingenuity

d.Hefeelsrevoltedbyhisenemy’sdeath.Hecursesthewar,hecurseshimselfandhecurses

everybody.a.Republicansniperb.alertandquick

c.theRepublicansniper----hisownbrother3.plot

1325746thefirstclimax

b.standsupandiskilledbytheRepublicanwithasingleshot

c.turnedoverandoverinspaceandhitthegroundwithadullthud.d.thesightofhisenemy’sdeadbody(orhismurderousact)

thesecondclimax

b.wantstohavealookattheenemysniperhehaskilled

d.TheRepublicansniperturnsoverthebodyandfindsthedeadmantobehisownbrother.4.themeda

UnitEight

PartI

bdcabacdabPartII

badcdbccadbdcbadabdc

ab

PartIII

pullsaffordaimnotapplyoutcommonprojectassessmentdespiteemployers

unemploymentthoughconfidencedown

PartVA.

1.Nowadayslotsoffaultcommoditiesfloodourmarkets.Sellers,aswellascustomers,stressthatthelackofseverepunishmentinexecutingthelawisoneofthemanypossiblecausesofthephenomenon.

2.Thethoroughanalysisoftheaccidentmayresultinfindingouttherealreasonofit.

3.Theinvestigationboarddecidedtoinviteacoupleofauthoritiesconcernedsoastobringmoreexpertisetotheinvestigation.

4.Shewascriticizedbyherbossfornotbeingabletofulfillhertaskintime.Nowondershehasbeenpullingalongface.

5.Thepoliceexaminedthespotcarefullyandfinallyruledoutthepossibilityofhersuicide.B.

TheColumbiacrashremindsusthatspacetravelisnotyetroutine,easy,cheaporsafe.Withsevenmoreastronautsdead,anoldquestionisresurrected.Ifwewanttodospacescience,aren'trobotsfaster,cheaperandsaferthanpeople?Inasking,wemeannodisrespecttothebravepeoplewhoriderocketsintospace.Nordowepresumethatpeoplehavenoplacewhatsoeverinspace.Somejobs,likeupgradingtheHubbleSpaceTelescopeorexploringthephysiologicaleffectsofspacetravel,requirepeopleinspace.Butsendingpeopleintospaceisrisky,andhugelyexpensive,andmanyofthe88researchprojectsonColumbiawerelargelyautomatedanyway.

Withagreatdealofspacesciencealreadybeingdonewithoutahumanpresence,Columbia'scrashcastacoldlightonproblemsatthecoreofthemannedspaceprogram.TheInternationalSpaceStation,supposedtobetheprideofNASA'sfleet,ishalf-built,shortoncash,anddependentonshuttlessimplytostayinorbit.AsNASAscramblestofeedthespacestation'sinsatiableappetiteformoney,manyscienceprojectshavebeendelayedorcancelled.

PartVIIdcbb

UnitNine

PartI

dcabdbdbaPartII

dacbcacdbacdbaccacbdcadbcadbadPartIII

1.precedent2.inevitable3.Iraqi4.military5.settlement6.that7.solution8.destruction9.allies10.words11.undermine12.wage13.authorization14.majority15.Charter

PartVA

1.ChinaisappealingforanearlyendtotheIraqwartolessenthesufferingoftheIraqipeople

andbringtheissuebacktotheUnitedNations.

2.ChinaisdeeplyconcernedwiththecurrentsituationinIraqandhasconsistentlyworked

towardsapoliticalsolutionoftheissue.

3.BushandthePentagonareplanningawar,thepurposeofwhichistoreserveforitselfthe

righttobetheonlyregionalpowerinthisoil-richarea.

4.ItisobviousthattheywanttooverthrowSaddam’sgovernmentnotbecausetheyfearSaddamHussein'spotentialtodevelopweaponsofmassdestructionbutbecausetheywanttocontroloveritsoilresource.

5.Allthepeace-lovingpeopleoftheworldshouldbeorganizedtostoptheU.S.waragainst

Iraqbecauseitcanonlybringtragedyandsufferingstothehumankind.B

Whohasgiventhemtheauthorityanddutytoinvadeasovereigncountry?

TheUNCharterisclear.Nosuchwarispermittedunlessitisself-defenceorauthorizedbytheSecurityCouncil.NeithertheUSnorBritain,noranyoftheirallies,isunderattackoranythreatofimmediateattackbyIraq.NorhastheUNauthorizedmilitaryactions.

TheUSinvasionofIraqwillbeofimmenseworldsignificance,becauseithasalertedtheworldtotheriskstheUNitselffaces.

TheUNCharterisatreaty,towhich192outofatotalof196sovereignstatesaroundtheworldareparties.Ittakesprecedenceoverallothertreaties.

Thedisdainfortheworldbody,shownbytheUS,haschallengedtheeffortsofthepasthalf-centurytocreateaneffectiveinternationalstructuretoreplaceperpetualwarwithperpetualpeace.

Ifattemptstocreatesuchinternationalstructureareabandoned,nationswillhavetodependfortheirsecurityonmilitarymight.

Thiswouldinevitablyleadtomorebeingspentonswordsandlessonploughshares.ThiswarisnotonlyaboutIraq,anditshouldbestoppedimmediately.C

1991年波斯湾战争的结束却在伊拉克与美国领导的国际力量之间形成了僵局。萨达姆.侯赛因总统被逐出了6年前他侵略的国家――科威特。和平协议要求伊拉克销毁任何化学或生物武器。联合国核查小组定期对这个国家进行搜查以确保生化武器得以销毁。严格的禁运使得伊拉克不能够在国际市场进行石油买卖，直到联合国裁定它已完全符合和平条约为止。

侯赛因声称整个国家已经向核查人员开放，并且要求立即取消禁运令。克林顿声称核查人员正遭到阻碍，制裁应当无限期继续下去。

伊拉克是世界最大的石油生产国之一，在其石油遭到封锁之时，美国和沙特阿拉伯国家的企业界大亨一年赚了几十亿美元。由于一起石油之争侯赛因最初侵略了科威特。作为大石油商，布什总统赚进了成百上千万美元。地区政治是石油政治，在那里，赚钱和亏本是由国际斗争的赢家和输家制造出来的。许多人开始相信，伊拉克会继续受到无限期惩罚，这样，它的石油就进不了市场。美国和英国要继续实施石油禁运，而和法国（它们想从购买中得益并分配伊拉克的石油）想要它们取消石油禁运。随着90年代一年年过去，反对伊拉克的国际阵线正在破裂，联盟中的每个国家都采取了会给其带来最大石油利润的立场。PartVIIcadacb

UnitTen

PartI

bcbddbdbdcPartII

AcddcaabacdbcbcdabbcbaddaacababcbccbaacababaaabadPartIII

AbcdaadabdcbacbdbbcdPartVA

1.Awholehostofdifficultieshas/havearisen.

2.ThisarticlecastsgreatdoubtontheeffectofI.Q.tests.

3.Atthattime,CaliforniawasonthecuttingedgeoftrendsthatspreadtheUSA.4.Hisillnessaccountedforhisabsencefromtheconference.5.Popfansarehominginontheconcertsitefrommilesaround.6.Wethinkthatthedeadlineisatallorderandwecannevermakeit.7.Encouragedbyhiscolleagues,heisdeterminedtoseethejobthrough8.Thenewly-publishedencyclopediabreaksdownintofivemajorparts.

9.Thisplantingtechniqueguaranteesthatthevegetablesarefreefrompollution.10.Doesdrinkingcontributeasmuchassmokingtolungcancer?

B

Creativethinkinghasbecomeanobjectiveofoureducationsystem.Thesubjecthassparkedoffmanydebates－atestimonytothefactthatitaffectsthefuturedevelopmentofthecountryandis,thus,noteworthy.Althoughcreativethinkingmayhavebeenpromotedsincesometimeagointhe

West,itisonlybuddinginourcountry.Someoneevencommentedthatcreativethinkingcannotbetaught,butnurtured.Hence,attemptstohastenthesignificanttaskisuncalledfor.

Nevertheless,Ifeelthattorealizetheobjectiveofcreativethinking,afewstepsshouldbeconsidered:

1.Anenvironmentforcreativethinkinghastobecultivated.Wehavetofirstallowfreedomasitisthesourceofcreativethinking.Apersoncanonlydevelophispotentialstothefullestanddemonstratecreativitywithoutunnecessaryintervention.C

必须认识到在各门科学中出现了许许多多的分支学科，这些学科通过开拓高精尖研究的领域，产生了一大批他们有着自己特别课题的专家。与此同时出现了越来越多的学术专刊，这就使得学者们可以了解其他地方的研究情况，并在国际大会上碰头交流。这种接触产生了他们个人之间的友谊，继而出现了几乎所有的合作计划。但是随着分支学科和专家的数量越来越多，研究的范围越来越窄，出现了另一种相反的倾向，这就是跨学科的研究。这主要基于这样一种看法：由于现代世界的发展和单一学科的狭窄领域方面的研究进展，出现了一些极其复杂的难题，而单凭一两人是不能对他们进行很好的研究的。PartVII（缺）

UnitEleven

I.Comprehension

1)b

2)d3)d4)a

5)d6)d7)a8)b

9)a10)c

Ⅱ.Vocabulary

C.Directions:Chooseanswera,b,c,ordthatbestfillsintheblank.1-5:abcbd6-10:aacab11-15:ccadd16-20:acccd

D.Directions:Chooseanswera,b,c,ordthatbestdefinestheunderlinedparts.1-5:cabca6-10:dcdaa11-15:cadab16-20:cbdab

Ⅲ.ClozeTest

1-10:cbada

dcbac

11-20:badda

cbdad

Ⅳ.Translation

A.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

1.Wearemergingwiththecompanythatsuppliescomponentsforourcars.

2.Theongoingdiscussionoftheprofileofa“schoolshooter”certainlymakeshisimageofhopelessnessverynoticeable.

3.Ontheeveoftheirdeparture,Mamacametomyroom.

4.Untilaboutthebeginningofthe19thcenturytheideaofhowmatterisreallyputtogetherwassomethingscientiststhoughtabout.

5.Today,manyoftheworld’smajorcitiesarealreadystrugglingtotakestepstocopewithout-of-datetransportinfrastructures.B．TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:

TheresponseoftheinternationalcommunitytoChina’seconomicdevelopmenthingeslargelyonwhethertheworldcanorwillabsorbthefloodofexportsthatafast-growingChineseeconomyislikelytoproduce.Onthepositiveside,Chinahasbeenopentoimports,runningatradedeficitsincereformsbeganin1978.Anopen,thrivingChineseeconomyoffersnewmarketsthatoffsetthethreatthatitsexportspresent.Inanycase,China’seconomicgrowthwillgivetheinternationalcommunitygreatopportunitiesforleverage.

C．TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:

中国可望在下个世纪头25年成为最大的经济强国，其生产总量将超过美国、德国以及其他所有20世纪的经济强国。

自1978年开始的旨在搞活经济并使之与国际接轨的改革以来，中国官方的国民生产总值年平均增长率从改革前20年间的4.5%升至9%。中国经济何时跃居全球第一取决于它是否能保持这种高速增长，或者说取决于这种高速增长能维持多久。

TextB(HistoryofInternationalTrade)Comprehension:

1)c2)d3)d4)a

5)d

UnitTwelve

PartI

I.A.1,2,3,6,8,10

B.1.F2.O(author)3.F4.O(Frenchman)5.O(others)6.F7.O(Jefferson)8.F9.F10.O11.F12.O(ruralAmericans)PartII

A1.b2.c3.b4.a5.c6.d7.b8.c9.b10.a11.b12.c13.c14.d15.b16.cB1.c2.b3.a4.a5.d6.c7.a8.d9.d10.c11.d12.c13.a14.d15.d16.dPartIII

1.b2.a3.d4.c5.c6.b7.a8.d9.b10.c11.a12.d13.b14.c15.bPartVA（缺）B

Ifyoucandowithoutthefewpastoralpleasuresofthecountry,youwillfindthecitycanprovideyouwiththebestthatlifecanoffer.Youneverhavetotravelmilestoseeyour

friends.Theyinvariablylivenearlyandarealwaysavailableforaninformalchatoranevening'sentertainment.Noristhecitywithoutitsmomentsofbeauty.Thereissomethingcomfortingaboutthewarmglowshedbyadsoncoldwetwinternights.Fewthingscouldbemoreimpressivethanthepeacethatdescendsondesertedcitystreetsatweek-endswhenthethousandsthattraveltoworkeverydayaretuckedawayintheirhomesinthecountry.Ithas

reciateallthesethings,pretendthatalwaysbeenamysterytomewhycitydwellers,whoappappreciate

theywouldprefertoliveinthecounty.C

恬静的乡村生活对我从来就没有任何吸引力。由于我生在城市，长在城市，因而总把乡村看成是人们透过火车窗口看到的那种样子或是偶尔周末去游玩时见到的那种景象。我的朋友多数都住在城市里，但是一提到乡下，他们就欣喜若狂。虽然他们对田园生活交口称赞，但仅有一人在农村生活过，而且不满半年就回来了。但他对乡村的错觉依然如故：乡村生活比城市优越。他赞不绝口的是那里人们的友善，空气的新鲜，接近大自然，缓慢的生活步调。VII.1.b2.a3.b4.d5.d6.a7.c8.b9.d10.a11.a12.b

UnitThirteen

PartI

1.c3.c5.false6.b7.a8.c9.a10.aPartII

AbcadcdbcdcdcbbaB

1.hadbeenawareof2.leadto3.essence4.concernedwith5.proliferation6.complementary7.fallaciously8.premise9.hasthehabitof10.distinguish…from11.apply…to12.isidenticalwith13.characterize14.intermsof15.shortofPartIII

cbcdaccabdadbadacbdPartVA

1.Iflogiccannotprovideamethodofadvancingknowledge,itcanhelpavoidsomepitfallsandhelptestthevalidityofconclusions.

2.Indeductivereasoning,onestartswithageneralpropositionandappliesittoaparticularinstancetodrawaconclusion.

3.Suchabeliefiseasyforustoacceptsinceitisconsistentwithoureverydayexperience.

4.Intermsofdialecticalmaterialism,inductiveanddeductionreasoningarenotnecessarilyantagonistictoeachother,butcomplementary.

5.Weshouldnottakeitforgrantedthatwhatthelogicianisinterestedisthelawstodescribehumanthoughtprocesses.B

Thewordsinductionanddeductiondescribedifferentformsoflogicalreasoning.Whenusingdeductionyoureasonfromgeneralprinciplestospecificcases,asinapplyingamathematicaltheoremtoaparticularproblemorincitingaphysicstopredicttheoutcomeofanexperiment.Whenusinginductionyouobserveanumberofspecificinstancesandfromtheminferageneralprincipleorlaw.

Somephilosophersdenythatinductiontrulyhastheforceoflogic,sinceobservationsofpastinstancesmayneverbesufficienttogiveuscertaintyaboutwhatwillhappeninthefuture.Observing100,000whiteswans,forinstance,doesnotgiveyoutherighttoconcludethatallswansarewhite.C

“形而上学”一词具有通俗的意义，这种意义如果我们不小心就会误导我们。它通常被用来指那些与神秘或玄妙有联系的理论。这样说不无道理，因为形而上用的是推测，而不是做严格的实验，也因为它会使我们对事物超出第一印象。不过这是一个方法问题，而不是学说问题。要想做一位形而上学的人，就必须把自己的思维推向最大的极限，而不是只停留在满足于对事物的第一印象上，任何一种常识或传统结论上。当然，在形而上学和“现实是神秘的、先验的、超然的或其它类似的学说”之间不存在不必要的联系。形而上学最终是要证明事物和它们看上去的完全一样，或证明自然状态、自然状态的本身是真实的。形而上学只是想对事物追根求源，如果有可能想探知现实的基本构造是什么，它的第一和最后的原因是什么。PartVII

FFFTFTTFTF