语言学概论（英）1
语言学概论（英）1
一、在下列每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将其字母标号填入括号内。
1. A symbol consists of two parts: a concrete form and the which the object or form conveys. ( ) A. meaning B. means C. sign D. signature
2. By saying language is ____ we mean we can’t give a sound reason why such a form is pronounced in this way rather than in that way, and why a particular meaning should be indicated by this form rather than by that form. ( )
A. systematic B. arbitrary C. symbolic D. conventional 3. Which of the following is an acceptable English form? ( ) A. / fsem / B. / uid / C. / mdik / D. / haid / 4. Which of the following is a narrow transcription? ( )
A. /′kʌmfət/ B. /′ritn/ C. /fi: l / D. /kʌla: s /
5. The production of a stop consists of three stages: closure stage, hold stage and_____ stage ( ) A. relax B. release C. stop D. relieve
6. A phoneme is defined as a minimal, distinctive unit in the _____ system of a language. ( ) A.syntax B. semantics C. linguistic D. sound
7. The same phrase or sentence may have two or more interpretations depending on the hierarchical arrangement of its constituents. Such a case is called _____. ( ) A. structural ambiguity B. semantic ambiguity C. hierarchical order D. linear order
8. Which of the following is NOT an illocutionary speech act according to Searle? ( ) A. directives B. commissives C. expressives D. representation 9. Lexical semantics is concerned with _____ meaning. ( ) A. sentence B. syntactic C. word D. discourse
10.If sentences are syntactically well-formed but semantically ill-formed, they are known as semantically _____ sentences. ( )
A. normal B. abnormal C. anomalous D. well-formed
二、填空题。(每小题 1 分，共 10 分)
11. In de Saussure’s term, refers to the system of language and parole refers to the speaker’s speech. 12. The science that deals with the relationship of elements in a sound system is .
13. Properties of pragmatic presumptions refer to appropriateness or felicity and mutual knowledge or of presupposition.
14. The contribution of the postmodern discourse analysis is the application of thought to social situations and the unveiling of hidden politics within the socially dominant as well as all other discourse.
15. According to Austin, there are two types of sentences: those sentences that are used to do things and those that are used to describe things. The former is performatives, which cannot be true or false, while the latter .
16. To generate the deep structure of an English sentence, we always start with the rule: . 17. A deep structure corresponds most closely to the of words.
18. The distinctive features that can affect more than one sound segment and can also contrast meaning are called features.
19. In behaviorist science, reinforcement which increases the likelihood of a response is known as reinforcement.
20. A native speaker’s intuition about how a word is formed is knowledge.
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语言学概论（英）1
三、判断改错题。(每小题 2 分，共 10 分) 如错误，请标明错误之处，并修改。 21. Every language contains a finite number of sentences. 22. Language is primarily speech, not the written form.
23. In English, the suprasegmental features include stress, tone and juncture. 24. English linguistics is a kind of prescriptive linguistics. 25. Competence is more concrete than performance.
四、翻译题。(每小题 2 分，共 30 分) 请给出下列术语的英/汉语翻译 26. design feature 34. diphthong 27. productivity 35. heuristic function 28. componential analysis 36. 功能语言教学 29. semantic field 37. 结构主义 30. substitution 38. 关键期假说 31. ellipsis 39. 内称 32. cohesion 40. 负面迁移 33. compound
五、用英语简要回答下列问题。(每小题 4 分，共 20 分) 41. What is language?
42. What is microlinguistics? 43. How to define hyponymy? 44. What is a phoneme?
45. What is the obvious presupposition of a speaker who says each of the following? “When did you stop beating your wife?”
六、论述题 (每小题 10 分，共 20 分) 。请用英语回答下列问题，每题答案不少于120词。 46. What’s the relationship between language and society?
47. What are the advantages and disadvantages of communicative language teaching?
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语言学概论（英）1
一、在下列每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将其字母标号填入括号内。 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. C 二、填空题。 11. langue 12. Phonology 13. background 14. critical 15. constatives 16. S-NP AUX VP 17. constituents 18. suprasegmental 19. positive 20. morphological 三、判断改错题。
21. (F) 改为infinite 22. (T) 23. (F) 改tone 为 intonation 24. (F) descriptive 25. (F) performance 与 competence 互换 四、翻译题。请给出下列术语的英/汉语翻译。 26. 区分特征 27. 产出性 28. 成分分析法 29. 语义场 30. 替代 31. 省略 32. 衔接 33. 复合词 34. 双元音 35. 启发功能 36. functional language teaching 37. structuralism 38. critical period hypothesis 39. endophora 40. negative transfer 五、用英语简要回答下列问题。
41. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.
42. Microlinguistics studies only the structure of language systems, without regard to anything else.
43. Hyponymy refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word. 44. Phonemes are minimal distinctive units in the second system of a language and are the abstract units that are realized by their allophones.
45. The man used to beat up his wife.
六、论述题 请用英语回答下列问题，每题答案不少于120词。
46. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.(1’)Society is an organized and interdependent community. (1’)There are four possible relationships between language and society.
Firstly, social structure may either influence or determine linguistic structure and/or behavior. (2’)Secondly, linguistic structure and/or behavior may either influence or determine social structure. (2’)Thirdly, the influence is bidirectional: language and society may influence each other. (2’)Fourthly, there is no relationship at all between linguistic structure and social structure and that is independent of the other. (2’)
47. The communicative approach focuses on the use of language in everyday situations, or the functional aspects of language, and less on the formal structures. (2’)
The various categories of language functions are overlapping and not systematically graded. (2’)
A major premise underlying this approach is its emphasis on learners' needs and interests. This implies that every teacher should modify the syllabus to correspond with the needs of the learners. (2’)
The approach gives priority to meanings and rules of use rather than to grammar and rules of structure. The latter are taught by means of functions and notions. Such concentration on language behavior may result in negative consequences in the sense that important structures and rules would be left out. (2’)
The requirements are difficult: availability of a classroom that can allow for group work activities and for teaching aids and materials (2’)
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