中考英语

作用 了解各种此类在句子中所充当得成分，并能在特定的语境中理解运用。

地位 词法是写好英语句子的前提 。没有大量的词汇知识就不能写出有正确地道的英语句子。

学习方法 可运用构词 法来增加词汇量，在阅读中运用中扩大。 一般+s book books,village villages S,z,x,ch,sh结尾+es ciass classes quiz quizes box boxes dish bishes

元音字母+y结尾，直接在词尾+s day days 辅音字母+y结尾 city cities

把y改为I,+es country countries f,fe结尾 leaf leaves 把f或fe,变为ves life lives

O结尾 potota potatoes hero heroes

photo photos piano pianos 单数复数相同 fish,sheep,deer

不规则变化 man men,woman women chiid children,foot feet tooth teeth,person people nouse mice 名词所有格

表生命的用，s my teacher’s car the children’s toys

无生命的用of the windows of the ciassroom the first part of the book 双重所有格 a friend of my father’s

Some books of the professor’s 不定冠词a,an

表泛指 my father is a teacher

首次提及 a worker is talking to your mom 表‘‘每’‘概念 peopie have three meals a day

在元音音素前，用an,在辅音音素前用a a child,an hour 定冠词the

表特指 the fiim is very interesting 世界上独一无二的事物 the sun.themoon

在序数词和最高级前 the first teacher to come here The best book in the room

在形容词前，表一类人或物 the poor,the young 固定搭配 play the violin In the morning 零冠词

泛指 Do you like music 专有名词 China,tom

运动项目，学科名称三餐饭前 play basketball

He is good at English。 Where do you have lunch? 职务，头衔或名称 Mr.Smith,what are you doing?

He is Joe,Chairman of our company. 固定搭配 by bus,on foot 代词分类

人称代词 主格 I you he she it we you they 宾格 me you him her it us you them 意义 ：代替人或者物

用法：作主语、宾语、表语 物主代词

形容词性 my your his her its our you’re their 名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs . 意义： 表示所属关系

用法： 主语、表语、宾语、定语 反身代词

单数： myself yourself himself

复数： ourselves yourselves themselves 意义： 谓语动作，返回到发出这本身 用法： 宾语、表语、同位语 相互代词

Each other,one another,each other’s,one another’s 意义：表相互关系 用法： 宾语、定语 指示代词

this that these those

意义：表指示、指代作用

用法： 主语、宾语、表语、定语 疑问代词

Who whom whose which what 意义：表疑问

用法： 主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语 连接代词

Who whom which what that whose whoever whomever whatever whichever等 意义：引导名词性从句

用法：主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语

关系代词

Who whom whose which that as 意义：引导名词性从句 用法：主语、宾语、定语 不定代词

意义：不指明代替任何特定名词，相当于名词或者形容词

列词：any,every,each,some,many,much,such,all,both,several,either,neither,one ,ones,others, the other(s),none,little,few,a few

Every- some- any- no- 人 -body everybody somebody anybody nobody -one everyone someone anyone no one -thing everything something anything nothing

物 –wheve everywheve somewhere anywhere nowhere ：

注意：1.-body和-one同义

2-thing有两个意思：东西和事情

3some有两个意思：一些和某些。比如：some book某一本;somebooks一些书；

用法： 主语、宾语、表语、定语

形容词副词（比较级和最高级） 构成 一般结尾 +er,+est

Small smaller smallest 字母e结尾 +r,+st

Wide wider widest 辅音字母+y结尾 把y变i+er/est

easy easier easiest 一个元音字母+一个辅音字母 双写该字母,+er,+est big bigger biggest 多音节 more+,most+

beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 不变则变化 good\\well better best bad\\badly\\ill worse worst many\\much more most little less least

句型 同级比较 My room is as big as yours

My room isn’t as (so)big as yours 比较级 He works harder than my brother He is much taller than my brother

The more you read the book,the. more interesting you will find it. 最高级 He is the tallest in my ciass He is the tallest of the three. He is the tallest I have ever seen. He is the tallest among the students.

Our city is one of the biggest cities in the worid . 介词 at,on,in表时间 He gets up at 6:30every morning. He was born on July4.

Can you go to Beijing in September? 1. He is good at(擅长)EngLish.

2. Sports will be good for your health(对…有好处) 三个“用” We see with our eyes.-后接具体工具 Let’s talk in Chinese.-某种语言或材料

Can you go to school by bus today?-通过…方法 because和because of I don’t go out because it is raining. I dob’t go out because of the rain. Like Who are you like?你像谁？

What do you like?你喜欢什么？ 数词

年月是刻及年代表达法 基本顺序是月、日、年 具体时刻用at 具体某一天用on 大于一天用in

仅举几例 at twenty to four

on september(the)first,2009 in August,2004 in the 1980’s 分数 构成：基数词/数词

分子大于1时，分母用复数

a half( 二分之一)：a quartet(四分之一)：five and four sixths(五又六分之四)； 分数本身没有单复数，根据它所代替的名词而决定。

百分数 构成；基数词+percent （percent意思是百分之，不能变复数） 百分数本身没有单复数，根据它所代替的名词而决定。 连词

When和while在并列句子中 I was about to go out when I heard the bell.（两者并列）

However However hard he studies，He won’t pass the exam.—无论多么 He is ill today.however ，hestill goes to school.

For和because He didn’t go to school yesterday because he was ill—必然唯一的原因 You should get up，for some birds are singing outsides.—补充说明的理由 1. Neither he nor Iam leaving for Beijing .

2. Not only he but also Iam leaving for Beijing—neither…nor和not only…but also符合就近原

则

The mom as well as her two sons is leaving for Beijing—as well as符合靠前原则 动词

按性质分 实义动词 及物动词（vt） 定义：后接宾语

例句：He gave me a present yesterday. 不及物动词（vi） 定义：后不接宾语 The sun is rising now. 系动词 be动词：am，is，are，was，were 表“感觉”：look，smell，taste，sound，feel. 表“变化”：become，turn，get，go，grow，fall，come，run. 表“保持”：keep，remain，stay，stand，continue，lie，sit，prove. 表“似乎”：appear，seem. 助动词 be 现在式：am，is，are. 过去式：was,weve 现在分词：being 过去分词：been do 现在式： 肯定：did 否定：didn’t

、have 现在式 肯定： have，has

否定：haven’t hasn’t

Will和shall 现在式 肯定：will，shall

否定：shoudn’t和wouldn’t 情态动词

概述 本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语 没有人称和数的变化（haveto例外） I can help you. He can help you. They can help you. 情态动词后接动词原形 关于过去式 must没有过去式

Can could，may might，shall should，will would，need needed，have to hadto， be able to was（were）able to

抓住情态动词的基本特点 表某种语气：推断、判断、委婉、客气

表某种情态：能力、允许、必须、应该、意愿、命令 概述 can/could 表能力 表许可 表可能性

Could表语气委婉 May、might 用来询问

表可能性不大的推测，might语气不能肯定。 Must、have to must的两个意义 you must go to bed now.

He must be our English teacher. Have to表客观上的必须

Should=ought to—everyone in our dass should study hard . 按时限分 延续性动词

短暂性动词

按功能分 谓语动词 人称和数的前后一致 时态、语态、语气 非谓语动词

按形式分，任何一个动词（情态动词除外）都有六种形式（以write为例） Write叫动词原形

Writes叫第三人称单数 Wrote叫过去式 Written叫过去分词

句法

考点解读 作用 地位 句子的基础。

学习方法 考点梳理

简单句的四个类型 简单句的四个类型 company?

并列句的四种关系

Writing叫现在分词或动名词 To write 叫动词不定式 中考考试说明要求考生不仅要掌握此法，还要掌握一定的句法知识。 句子是英语交流、表达的基本单位。掌握一定的句法知识是写好英语 反复练习，在练习中掌握。 主语+谓语—the old man is coming.

主语+谓语+宾语—we should study science. 主语+系动词+表语—our city is very beautiful.

主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语—the professor gave me a book . 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语—I found the cage empty.

句型there be—there is a pen，a box and two bags on the bed . 陈述句 肯定句—they like skating .

否定句—he didn’t go shopping yesterday. 疑问句 一般疑问句—are you interested in the music?

特殊疑问句—how many books are there in the room ?

选择疑问句—does your siser work in a factory or in a 反意疑问句 he is six years old,isn’t he? You can’t swim,can you?

祈使句 肯定祈使句—practice soeaking English erery day. 否定祈使句—don’t be afraid of making mistakes. 感叹句 what+n. what a clever boy my son is!

What hardworking students I am teaching! What cold water this is! What a size it is! How+adj、adv. How hot and wet it is today！

How bravely they fought the enemy！ How fine e day it is！ How time flies！ 并列递进—use your head，and you will work it out.

转折—he is well over 60，but he doesn’t look at all old. 因果—here the water is quiet,for there is little wind.

三大从句

选择—the light is red,so I had to stop my car.

宾语从句 例句 he doesn’t tell me when he will be back. I don’t know where I left mf key. Can you tell me what you want?

易考知识点 I don’t think your mom will give you money. 我认为你的妈妈不会给你钱。（否定前移）

I’m afraid that I can’t give you the book.(be adj.+从句)

1. He tells me he will go there.

2. He told me he would go there.(时态前后呼应)

定语从句 Do you know the man who that is standing by the window?_作主语，表人

Don’t forget to bring the book which\hat\\省略the teacher gave you the other day._作宾语，表物

1. the patients whose temperature isn’t norma are in the wards. 2. The book whose cover is red is an English book._作定语，

表人或物

状语从句 分类 时间状语从句_i’ll discuss this with you when we meet next time.

地点状语从句—I will go where you go.

原因状语从句—I’m late because I missed the bus.

目的状语从句—He studied very hard so that he might make his parents happy.

结果状语从句—He’s such a good teacher that all the students like him.

条件状语从句—You can go out to play if you fin ish your homework on time.

比较状语从句—He’s taller than his father.

让步状语从句—Although he is a child,he knows a lot. 方式状语从句—Please state the fact just as they are.

易考知识点 You will be late if you get up early.（状语从句用现在时表将来 时）

1.I didn’t go to bed until my mom came back home. 我一直等到我妈妈回来才上床睡觉。 2.I waited until my mom came back home. 我一直等到我妈妈回家来。

1. She is so kind that we all like her.

2. It’s such a diffcult text that I can’t understand it.

汉语有“虽然—但是”，“因为—所以”，英语只能用一个 被动语态 使用场合 如果动作的发出者不清楚，不知道或没有必要知道

说话者强调动作的承受着 基本构成： be+过去分词

八种时态的被动语态 一般现在时 I’m gaven a book. Am\\is\\are\\+过去分词

一般过去时 The bike was bought yesterday. Was\\were+过去分词

一般将来时 The work will be finished nest week.. Will be+过去分词

过去将来时 He said he would be invited to the dinner.

Would be+过去分词

现在进行时 The building is being built now. Am\\is\\are+being+过去分词

过去进行时 what was being done when I phoned you?

Was\\were+being+过去分词 现在完成时 The hospital has been buult. Have\\has been+过去分词

过去完成时 when I came in,the bookcase had been made.

Had been+过去分词

非谓语动词 动词不定式__不定式的句法功能 主语—it took us three hours to complete the experiment.

表语—our difficulty is where to get enough food.

宾语—they refused to accept my suggestion.

补足语—they didn’t allow us to park the car here.

定语—His attempt to solve the diffcult problem failed again.

状语—the giry junped with joy to hear the news.

分词的句法功能：表语：1、The news is in teresting.

2、You will bee interested in the news 定语：1、He ofen helps his working wife at home

2、this is the lab set up by the students themselves 补足语：1、I hear him singing in the next room 2、They found the room stolen

状语 ：1、Not knowing her address, I canit visit her.

2 、Given better attention,the trees could grow better.

考点解读;作用：主要考查考生的综合运用英语知识的能力，是考查语言运用能力的题。 地位：要求考生具备把握文章文章主旨大意，识别文章体裁，运用阅读策略获取信息，运用语言知识、生活常识及背景知识捕捉关键词句，理解上下文句间的逻辑关系及理解作者态度、观点、意图的分析推理能力

学习方法：通读全文，把握大意，上下联系，左右兼顾，整体理解，全面分析，全面检查，

纠正错误。注重基础，多读多练，限时模拟，分析错误，总结方法，增强信心。

答题技巧：首先通读全文，知道文章大意。再读一遍文章，把简单的选项添上。如果还有剩下的选项，一定要在通读上下文的过程中，找到蛛丝马迹。

做题注意事项：千万不要构泥于一题和一句，要有整体意识。遇到某个问题不会，要学会从文章的前后中寻找。近几年中考的特点就是所选选项能在文章中找到答案。注意上下文暗示和文章的脉络。

作用：主要考查考生通过文字获取信息及处理信息的能力。

地位：阅读英语文章是学生学习英语的主要目的，因而在中考试卷中所占比例已达到 1/3

学习方法：掌握阅读技巧，如略读、扫读、精读查读等。 牢记“一个中心两个基本点”：一个中心是：读懂文章。只要读懂文章，做题在不在话下。 两个基本点：1尽可能扩大词汇量2学会分析英语句子结构 重点放在对文章的整体理解，抓住文章的整体脉络。 对西方文化尽可能的理解。

理解整篇文章或段落大意，一班长1-2题 细节理解和判断，题占绝大部分。 依照上下文判断生词含义，一般占一题

理解作者的话外之意，即及推断出深层次含义，一般占一题。 判断作者的观点态度等，一般占一题 答题策略

通读全文，掌握大意，可以不求甚解。阅读题干和四个选项，清楚本文的重点。 目光在文章和试题间跳来跳去。注意同义词或者反义词，因为文章和题干所用的单词常常是同一词或反义词。

作用：要求考生熟练掌握词汇、句形和语法知识，而且在扎实的语言基本功的基础上具备一定的审题能力、想象能力与表达能力 地位：考查考生的英语书面表达能力和运用学过的英语知识、语言技能进行思想交流的能力。 学习方法：多背诵一些经典的英语范文

答题指导：在写作之前，必须解决三个问题1审体裁2审人称3审时态

再写句子之前，必须解决三个问题1句型2语序3时态 应用文，包括同志，便条，日记等。看图写文，看表写文

1、 一定要使句子符合六大句型和时态 2、 句子和成分须全，符合六大句型

3、 定语和状语后置，先地点状语，后时间状语，定语和状语前要有合适的介词 4、 多用固定的、地道的英语句型

5、 注意磁性和成分的结合，既不同的词性作不同的成分，不同的成分有不同的单词形式充

当。

6、 千万不要犯超低级错误，比如He like study Englidh 7、 前后照应，认称、数、时态保持前后一致 8、 尽量不写复合句，控制单词数量

9、 写完句子，一定要用句号。千万不要一“，”到底，句首字母一定要大写 10、 牢记黄金句法三原则1一句话有且只有一个谓语2两个句子之间须有连词3动词不

作谓语便做非谓语 11、 前三句话和后三句话千万不要出错 12、 书法三原则1左斜2圆滑3饱满 13、 在写作时，尽量不要连笔：cl,lc,rn,au