专题08 介词(二)-2019年中考英语语法单项选择题专项突破(解析版)

II. 介词与其他词的搭配

介词可与动词，名词，形容词，副词等搭配，这种搭配已经形成习语，考生应加强记忆。中考主要考查介词与动词和形容词的搭配。 1. 介词与动词的搭配

1. —Look in the mirror. What happened ______ your face? —Oh, there’s some ink on my face. (乐山) A. to B. on C. in 【答案】A

【解析】happen to sb.为固定搭配，意为“某人发生……了”。 2.—Can you come to my party this evening?

—Sorry, I can’t. I have to prepare _______ my exams. （贵港） A. of B. for C. about D. with 【答案】B

【解析】句意：——今晚你能参加聚会吗？——很遗憾，我去不了。我得为考试做准备。prepare for意为“为……做准备”。

3. We won! The honor belongs _______ all the members of our team. (上海) A) by B) of C) at D) to 【答案】D

【解析】句意：我们赢了！荣誉属于我们队的所有成员。belong to意为“属于”，是固定搭配。 4. —Hello, may I speak ________ Mike? —This is Mike, speaking. (昆明) A. at B. to C. in D. on 【答案】B

【解析】句意：——你好，我可以和迈克通电话吗？——我就是，请说。speak to意为“和……讲话”。 5. Since you are _______ danger, why not ask______ help? (通辽) A. in; for B. in; to C. with; for D. with; to 【答案】A

牢记以下与动词搭配的介词： 1) 动词+for

hunt/look/search for 寻找 wait for 等候

care for 关心，喜欢 stand for 代表

ask for 请求，要求 head for 前往 2） 动词+from

learn from 向……学习 hear from 收到……的来信 die from 死于

3） 动词+about

argue about 为……争论 speak about 说起 think about 思考 care about 对……感兴趣 hear about 听说 talk about 谈论 worry about 担心 4）动词+with

meet with 遇到

talk with 与……谈话 begin with 始于

agree with 同意（某人的意见），适合 disagree with 不同意 5）动词+on

agree on 就……达成协议 decide on 对……做出决定 depend on 依赖，依靠 keep on 继续 carry on 继续 6）动词+of

think of 想到 dream of 梦想

die of 因（病）而死 speak of 谈到 hear of 听说 7）动词+in

hand in 交出 bring in 引进 succeed in 获成功 fill in 填写

get in 收获（庄稼） 8）动词+to

come to 到达

belong to 属于 happen to 发生 9）动词+at

look at 看，关注 laugh at 嘲笑

work at 用功，努力 2. 形容词与介词的搭配

常与形容词搭配的介词有of, for, to, with, at, in, from等。

1. Cao Yinpeng is a 9-year-old Chinese boy. He is known _________ saving his father’s life. A. for B. at C. by

（湘潭）

【答案】A 【解析】句意：曹寅朋是一个九岁的中国男孩。他以抢救他父亲的生命而闻名。be known for意为“以……而著名”。

2. It’s not good to be late ___________ school. （甘孜） A. to B. for C. from 【答案】B

【解析】句意：上学迟到不好。be late for意为“ 干……迟到”。故选。学&科网 3. Who is better ________ playing basketball, you or your brother? (宜宾) A. at B. in C. on 【答案】A

【解析】句意：你和你兄弟谁更擅长打篮球？ be good at意为“擅长于”，这里be better at为比较级形式。 4. —Your best friend is really talented _______ learning foreign languages. —Yes, he is also good _______ other subjects. (乌鲁木齐) A. in; with B. at; for C. in; at D. at; to 【答案】C

牢记以下与形容词搭配的介词 1) 形容词+of

careful of 小心 fond of 喜欢 full of 充满 afraid of 害怕 tired of 厌倦 proud of 自豪 short of 缺乏 2）形容词+to

polite to 有礼貌 equal to 等于

useful to 对……有用 close to 接近

fair to 对……公平 rude to 对……粗鲁 3）形容词+for

late for 迟到

famous/known for 出名 good for 对……有好处 bad for 对……有害 sorry for 对……抱歉 4) 形容词+with

patient with 对……有耐心 angry with 恼怒

busy with 忙于…… friendly with 对……友好 popular with 受……欢迎 crowded with 拥挤 5）形容词+from

different from 与……不同 absent from 缺席

safe from 没有危险 6）形容词+in

rich in 富含，盛产 high in ……含量高 successful in 在……成功 interested in 对……感兴趣 lost in 入迷 7) 形容词+at

angry at 对……发怒 good at 擅长于

quick at 对……反应快 pleased at 对……欣慰 slow at 不精于 surprised at 对……惊奇 bad at 不善于 3. 介词成语

1. The whole family were agreement about what they should do next. (白银) A. about B. of C. in D. on 【答案】C

2. Grace often gets nervous before she gives a speech _______. (贵阳) A. in public B. in total C. in common 【答案】A

【解析】句意：Grace常在公众场合演讲前变得很紧张。in public意为“在公众场合”，符合句意。 3. He did all this ______ silence, and very rapidly. （十堰） A. at B. in C. with D. of 【答案】B

【解析】句意：他都是默默地做着所有的事情，而且非常迅速。in silence为固定搭配，意为“默默地；静静地”。

4. —Most of the wild animals are because of their bad living environment. —So we must do something to save them. (襄阳)

A. in need B. on duty C. at work D. in danger 【答案】D

【解析】句意：——因为动物生活环境很糟糕，大多数野生动物都濒临灭绝。——因此我们必须采取措施来拯救它们。In danger意为“处于危险中”，符合句意。

5. When you’re invited to have dinner at home by an American friend, you should be________ or a little later. It’s different from our Chinese custom. (山西) A. on time B. on business C. on show 【答案】A

6. —If someone is ______ your way, what will you do?

—I will wait until he or she moves instead of pushing past. (泰州) A. in B. on C. by D. along 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——如果有人挡了你的路，你会怎么做？——我会等到他或她走过去而不是抢道。in one’s way表示“挡道”，是固定搭配。

7. —_________, there must be life on other planets though none has been discovered. —I agree with you. The universe is so large after all. (德州) A. To my surprise B. To be honest C. In my opinion D. Again and again 【答案】C

【解析】句意：——依我之见，其它星球上一定有生命，尽管还没有发现什么。——我同意，宇宙毕竟很大。in one’s opinion意为“依某人之见”，符合句意。 8. He knew his subject A to Z. (株洲)

A. from B. at C. on 【答案】A

【解析】句意：他非常了解他的话题。know sth from A to Z为固定搭配，表示“非常了解某事物”。 英语中的介词成语很多，同学们要加强记忆。

as a result 结果 at a time 一次 at first 起初 at last 最后 at least 至少 at most 最多 at once 立刻 at present 目前 at the same time 同时 at times 有时 by accident/chance 偶尔 by mistake 错误地 by heart 能背诵

by the way 顺便说一下 in agreement 达成协议 in danger 处于危险中 in fact 实际上 in turn 轮流

in one’s opinion 以某人来看

in the/one’s way 挡道 in no time 立刻

in order 井井有条 in other words 换句话说 in public 公开地 in return 作为回报 in short 总之 in silence 静静地 in the end 最后 in time in all on business on duty on fire on foot on holiday on sale on strike on the other hand on the way on time to one’s surprise/joy out of breath out of date out of order out of patience out of reach out of shape out of touch day after day year after year one after another one by one little by little side by side step by step face to face arm in arm hand in hand the day before yesterday the day after tomorrow from A to Z from time to time from door to door 及时 总共 出差 值日 着火 步行 在度假 在出售 罢工 另一方面 在途中 准时

使人吃惊/高兴的是 气喘吁吁 过时 发生故障 失去耐心 拿不到 变形 失去联系 日复一日 年复一年

一个接一个地 一个一个地 一点一点地 肩并肩地 逐步地 面对面 手拉手地 手牵手地 前天 后天

完全，彻底 不时地 挨家挨户地

from place to place 到处 4. 一些特殊句型中的介词：

1. It’s very kind ________ you to lend me your reusable shopping bags. (广东) A. of B. for C. to D. with 【答案】A

【解析】在句型It’s+adj.+of/for sb. to do sth.中，当形容词表示人的品质、性格时，介词用of。kind表示人的性格，应用介词of。学&科网

2. I met Mary, and she lent me ￥20. It was kind _______her to lend me the money. (黔西南) A. for, B. of C. with D. in 【答案】B

3. —Daddy, I’ve run out of my pocket money. I spent 100 Yuan ________ some favorite books. —OK. Here you are. But make sure you save money as well. (2017·湖北黄石)

A. for B. on C. with D. at 【答案】B

【解析】句意为：——爸爸，我用光零钱了。我花了100元买喜欢的书了。——好的，给你。不过也要省着用啊。spend money on为固定结构，意为“在……花费钱”。

巩固练习：

1. She is afraid _________ speaking in front of a large group of people.

A. to B. for C. of D. about 2. It’s bad manners to be late ________ school.

A. to B. for C. of D. on 3. The teacher often tells us that the future belongs ________ us.

A. to B. for C. of D. with 4. Watching TV too much is bad ________your eyes.

A. to B. for C. of D. on 5. If I did not have a try, you would laugh _______ me.

A. on B. for C. with D. at

6. She often works hard ________ her lessons, so he often gets good marks in exams. A. on B. in C. at D. for 7. If someone is _________ your way, what will you do?

A. on B. in C. at D. for 8. Your best friend is really talented _______ learning foreign languages. A. with B. in C. on D. at 9. Who is better ________ playing basketball, you or your brother?

A. on B. in C. at D. for 10. More and more young people are fond _______ playing football.

A. with B. in C. at D. of

答案及解析： 1. 【答案】C

【解析】句意：她害怕在一大群人面前讲话。be afraid of意为“害怕……”。

2. 【答案】B

【解析】句意：上学迟到不礼貌。be late for意为“迟到”。 3. 【答案】A

【解析】句意：老师经常告诉我们未来是属于我们的。Belong to意为“属于……”。 4. 【答案】B

【解析】be bad for意为“对……有坏处”。 5. 【答案】D

【解析】句意：如果我不试一试的话，你就会笑话我的。laugh at意为“嘲笑”。 6. 【答案】C

【解析】句意：她一贯努力学习功课，所以常常在考试中得高分。work at意为“努力”。 7. 【答案】A

【解析】句意：如果有人挡了你的路，你会怎么做？ in one’s way表示“挡道”。