语法突破
短语动词是学生们学英语的难点之一，短语动词的词义不是动词和介词或副词的简单结合，往往不能从字面上理解，并且一个短语动词常常有若干个甚至十几个不同的意思，给我们在阅读和听英语时带来许多困难。因此，它也就成为高考必考的内容和题目。
短语动词通常是指后面跟一个介词或副词短语的动词，即动词+介词或副词小品词。英语（特别是在非正式的、惯用的英语）中存在着一种用动词短语代替与其同义的单个动词的强烈趋势。如听到敲门声，我们会说Come in而不会用Enter来表达。最常见的短语动词是由英语中最短小和最简单的动词构成的，这些动词常与表示位置或方向的词组合，如along，down，in，off，on，out，over，under等。例如： The cats are running along the wall. 猫正沿着墙跑。
The children are jumping off the branch. 孩子们正从树枝上跳下来。 短语动词的分类： 一、动词＋介词
agree with同意；begin with以……开始；come from来自；arrive in ／at到达；feel like想要；look like看起来像；play with玩耍；get on上车get off下车；fall off跌落get to到达；fall behind落后；hear from收到……的来信；hear of听说；knock at敲（门）；laugh at嘲笑；look at看；look after照看；listen to听；look for寻找；send for派人去叫；think of想到；think about考虑；wait for等候；shout at对……大喊大叫；pay for付款；do with处置；对付；fill with用……装满；leave for前往 二、动词＋副词
A.做及物动词用，后跟宾语, 如果宾语是名词, 宾语可以放在副词前面, 也可以放在副词后面; 如果宾语是代词, 宾语只能放在副词的前面。
eat up吃光；give up放弃；停止；look up查寻；pick up拾起；捡起；put up建立；举起；ring up打电话；wake up唤醒；tie up捆绑起来；dress up乔装打扮；hurry up赶快；send up发射；get in收获；hand in上交；find out查出；查明；sellout卖完；work out解出；算出；look over检查；think over考虑；put down放下；take down拿下；取下；write down写下；记下；turn down调小；关低；put on穿戴；上演；try on试穿turn on打开；take away取走；拿走；put away放好；send away撵走；move away搬走；take off脱掉；turn off关闭get back回来；give back归还；
B．做不及物动词用，后不接宾语 come in进来；come on快；加油；come out出来；（花）开；come along走吧；come over过来；顺便来；come round（走）过来；fall over（向前）摔倒；get up起床go on继续；grow up成长；长大；go home回家；hurry off匆匆离开；look around四处看看；take off起飞look out当心；sit down坐下；hold on不挂断；等一等；wake up醒来
三、动词＋副词＋介词 此类短语动词相当于及物动词，后面需要跟宾语。
catch up with赶上；go on with继续；do well in在……方面做得好；work hard at
努力学习／工作；get on with与……相处；pull．．．up from．．．把……从……拉出来
四、动词＋名词＋介词 take care of照料；照顾；make sure of弄确切；have a drink of喝一点；have a word with与……交谈；have a look at看一看；make friends with与……交朋友 五、系动词＋形容词＋介词
be（feel）afraid of害怕；be angry with生气；be busy with忙于……；be good at擅长；be full of充满；be（become）interested in对……感兴趣；be late for迟到；be strict with sb．对某人严格要求；be strict in sth．对某事严格要求；be bad ／good for对……有害／益；be short for是……的简称；be different from与……不同；be ready for为……做好准备；be worried about对……担心；be covered with被……覆盖；be friendly to对……友好 做一做：
1. When the fire _______in the movies, the people lost their heads and ran in all directions.
A) broke in B) broke upC) broke out D) broke into 2. When he retired, his son_________ the business.
A) took over B) took offC) took in D) took up
3. It is kind of you to _______ my children when I am away. A) look after B) take afterC) look in D) take in
4. Could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you ________ yesterday? A) tried on B) put on C)had on D)pulled on 5. John is leaving for London tomorrow and I will ______ him ______ at the airport. A) send ... away B) leave ... off C) see ... off D) show ... around
6. Kathy______ a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls. A) picked up B) took up C) made up D) turned up
7. After he heard the bad news, his face ______ a worried expression. A) took up B) took on C) took out D) took off 8. I often _________ the dictionary when I meet with new words.
A) refer to B) look into C) look through D) consult with 9. I think it important that our country ________ these countries.
A) keep in touch B) keeps away C) keeps in touch with D) gets in touch 10.We’ve _______ sugar. Ask Mrs Johns to lend us some.
A) run away with B) run down C) run off D) run out of
