第十二节--派生词

第十二节 派生词

考点一 常见的前缀及派生词

Prefix a- ab- anti- bi- co- Meaning 有in，on，at，by，with，to等含义 离去，反常 反(抗)，防 双；重 共同，相互 Example alone单独；asleep在熟睡中的 abuse滥用；abnormal不正常的 anti-freeze防冻；antiwar反战的 bicycle自行车；bimonthly双月刊 cooperation合作；coexist共存；coeditor合编者 compress压缩；composition作品，创作 dislike不喜欢；discover发现 enrich使变富；enable使能够 ex-wife前妻；ex-president前总裁 extraordinary非常的，非凡的 forehead前额；foretell预言 illogical不合逻辑的；illegal非法的 import进口；impossible不可能的 incomplete不完全的；inactive不积极的；income收入 international国际的；interchange交换；interview面试，采访 irreligious无宗教信仰的；irregular不规则的 microwave微波炉；microcomputer微型电脑 midnight半夜；middle中间的；com- dis- en- ex- extra- fore- il- im- in- 共同，相互 不，相反；除去，毁；分开 放进，饰以，使，使成 前任，以前的 超过，在……以外 前，先，预 不，无，非 (用在b，m，p前)不，无；向内 不，无，非；向内 inter- 在……之间(之际)，互相 ir- (用在r之前不，无；向内) micro- mid- 微 中部 1 / 9

第十二节--派生词

midterm期中 mini- mis- multi- non- out- over- post- pre- re- self- step- sub- super- trans- tele- tri- un- vice- 多 不，无，非 胜过；过分；在外 过度，在外，颠倒等 后 前，先 再，重，又；相反；回 自己 后，继 在……下面；亚于；次于 上，超 横过，超越，变换 远(程) 三(个……) 不，无，非，未 副 multicultural多元文化的；multicoloured多色的 nonsmoker不抽烟的人 outdoor户外的；outstanding杰出的 overwork劳累过度；overcoat外套 postwar战后；postmodern后现代主义的 pre-arranged预先安排的；prehistoric史前的 reaction反应；return返回 self-defence自卫；self-taught自修的 stepfather继父；stepmother继母 subway地铁；subtitle副标题 superpower超级大国；supermarket超市 transnational的；transform改变 television电视；telescope望远镜 triangle三角形；tricycle三轮脚踏车 unfriendly不友好的；untie解开，解决 vice-chairman副；vice-president副总统 考点二 常见的后缀及派生词 1．名词后缀

suffix -al -(i)an Meaning 表示过程或状态 来自；专长于……的人 Example removal移动；arrival到达 musician音乐家；Egyptian埃及人 小，微 误，恶，不 minibus小型公共汽车；miniskirt超短裙 misfortune不幸；mistrust不信任 2 / 9

第十二节--派生词

appearance外表；-ance 表状态，行为 acceptance接受；reliance依靠 -ant -ent -ar -er -(t)ion -ation 人，物 servant仆人；inhabitant居民，栖居动物 beggar乞讨者；murderer杀人犯；recorder录音机 suggestion建议；表状态，动作过程，行为 graduation毕业；liberation；expression表达 身份，领域 freedom自由；wisdom智慧 employee被雇用者；refugee难民 difference区别；confidence自信；dependence依靠 hostess女主人；actress女演员；tigress母老虎 basketful满篮；mouthful满嘴；houseful一屋子 childhood儿童时代；neighbourhood附近 heroism英雄气概；-ism 宗教，风格，主义 communism主义；socialism社会主义者 -ist 人，主义者 novelist小说家，socialist社会主义 reality现实，ability能力；equality平等 人，物 -dom -ee 人，物 -ence 性质，状态，行为 -ess 表女性，雌性 -ful 充满 -hood 性质，身份，状态，时期 -ity 性质，状态 3 / 9

第十二节--派生词

-ment 行为，物，组织，运动，结果 disappointment失望；movement运动；agreement协议 kindness仁慈；tiredness疲劳 visitor参观者；actor男演员 hardship艰苦；leadership领导身份；friendship友谊 conclusion结论；tension紧张 exposure暴露；failure失败 truth真理；youth青春；growth生长；warmth温暖 storage储藏；shortage短缺；marriage婚姻 -ness 性质，状态 -or 人，物 -ship 性质，身份，资格 -sion 行为，状态 -ure 行为，状态 -th 结果，过程，性质，状态 -age 2.形容词后缀 Suffix 集合，地点，结果 Meaning Example acceptable可接受的；-able -ible -ble 可……的，能……的 reasonable合情合理的；comfortable舒适的 -(u)al 属于……的，具有……属性 equal平等的；national国家的；chemical化学的 republican共和国的；European欧洲人的 imaginary想象的；revolutionary的 creative有创造性的；-an ……(地，人)的 -ary -ative ……的 ……的 4 / 9

第十二节--派生词

qualitative质量的 -ed (具)有……的(特征) determined坚定的；learned博学的；aged年老的 frequent经常的；silent沉默的；diligent勤奋的 Chinese中国(人)的；Japanese日本(人)的 eastern东方的；southern南方的 golden金色的；wooden木制的；woolen羊毛的 realistic现实的；energetic精力充足的 boring令人厌烦的；frightening令人害怕的 childish孩子气的；foolish愚蠢的；selfish自私的 expensive昂贵的；effective有效的；decisive决定性的 faithful信任的；powerful强大的；cheerful愉快的 homeless无家可归的；-less 无……的；不……的 sleepless失眠的；careless粗心的 -ous 多……的，有……特性的 various各种各样的；humorous幽默的；dangerous危险的 friendly友好的；motherly母亲般的；weekly每周的 backward向后的；forward向-ent ……的 -ese (地，人)的 -ern 表示方向 -en ……的 -ic 与……有关的 -ing 具有……(特征)的 -ish 近乎……的，如……的 与……有关的，有……倾向的，有……特性的 满的；有……性质的，引起……的 -ive -ful -ly -ward ……品质的，每……的 向……的 5 / 9

第十二节--派生词

前的 -y 3.副词后缀 Suffix -ly -s -ward(s) Meaning ……地，状态，程度，方式 时间，地点，状态 方向 Example extremely非常；slowly慢慢地；happily高兴地 outdoors在户外；indoors在室内 afterward(s)后来；outwards向外；downwards向下 多……的；有……的；如……cloudy多云的；funny有趣的；的 lucky运气好的 4.动词后缀 Suffix -en Meaning 使变成 Example sharpen削尖；broaden加宽；strengthen加强；deepen加深 simplify简化；beautify美化；purify净化；horrify使恐怖 modernize使现代化；realize实现；mechanize使机械化 -fy 使……化 -ize 使……化 注意：一般情况下，加前缀改变词义，加后缀改变词性。 [本节小结]

在新课标全国卷的语法填空题中，有涉及单词的形式变化的题目。此外，新考纲要求考生掌握3 000多个英语单词。因此，掌握常用派生词的构词方法不仅能帮助同学们做好语法填空题，还能帮助同学们扩大词汇量，为同学们在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。

针对训练

Ⅰ.完成句子

用括号内所给词的适当形式填空

1．I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time.________ (fortunate)，I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.

【答案】 Unfortunately

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第十二节--派生词

2．Therefore，when they become older they are ________(able) to do any other kind of work.

【答案】 unable

3．Very early the next morning，amazingly，we got completely satisfied in a totally________________ (expect) way.

【答案】 unexpected

4．I won't do the purchase because the price of this dress is ________________ (reason)．

【答案】 unreasonable

5．Job ________________ (apply) need to show their ability to be both organized and flexible in taking on many tasks at the same time.

【答案】 applicants

6．All facts are the source of ________________ (conclude)． 【答案】 conclusions

7．However，most ________ (science) agree that EQ has a lot to do with ________(educate)．

【答案】 scientists；education

8．Excellent oral and written ________________ (communicate) skills in Chinese and English are of ________________ (important)．

【答案】 communication；importance

9．Fresh fruits and vegetables can provide much of our daily ________________ (require)．

【答案】 requirement

10．It is your ________________ (free) to do what you want after class. 【答案】 freedom

11．As is known to us all，the Entrance Exam is a great ________________，and the students are ________________ (compete)．

【答案】 competition；competitors

12．I am ________________ (grate) to you for your help. 【答案】 grateful

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第十二节--派生词

13．He gave me some ________________ (construct) suggestions. 【答案】 constructive

14．A jury's decision in a court case must be absolutely ________________ (object)．

【答案】 objective

15．He devoted much money to building schools in ________________ (mountain) areas.

【答案】 mountainous Ⅱ.语篇填空

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，使用括号中词语的正确形式填空

It was really a hard time when Li Ping first came to the United States.His 1.________(earn) could hardly cover the expenses，so when his wife gave 2.________(bear) to their second daughter，they could not afford enough nutrition food.Soon，poor nutrition caused the 3.________(die) of the poor baby.

4.________(lonely) was another problem because they had no 5.________(relate) or friends there.Thanks to his 6.________(brave) and 7.________(persevere)，he managed to gain the 8.________(citizen) of the United States and in the end he had his permanent 9. ________(settle)．He always tells his children like this: Perseverance leads to 10.________(happy) and success.

【答案】 1.earnings 2.birth 3.death 4.Loneliness 5．relations 6.bravery 7.perseverance 8.citizenship 9．settlement 10.happiness

综合演练

语法填空

根据单词提示，用单词的相应词性变化完成下列短文

Sixty-six percent of 15-to 25-year-olds in China say they are happy，according to a survey of global youth 1.________(happy)conducted in 14 countries.

The survey shows young people worldwide are 2.________ (happy) when they are on vacation，being challenged，or achieving something.The 3.________(young)in the US，for example，said they were happiest between 8 and 10 pm on Saturdays in

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第十二节--派生词

July，enjoying good 4.________(musician) or spending time with friends and family.

According to study author Joeri Van Den Bergh，young people don't just want to impress their friends.Today's youth want to accomplish something in life，whether this means big 5.________ (accomplish)like doing well in an important exam or finding a good job，or small things like making a delicious dinner.

The

survey

also

shows

higher

happiness

in

6.________

(develop)countries—Brazil，India and China all ranked 7.________(high)．Young people in these countries might realize they are better off than their parents in the improving 8.________(economy) environment.

However，Christine Carter，sociologist and happiness expert at the University of California.Berkeley，noted that many young people still do not feel happy because they are under so much 9.________(press) to achieve.

Carter said research shows people of all ages and cultures link happiness to a sense of gratitude，10.________ (generous)，compassion and social ties.

【答案】 1.happiness 2.happiest 3.youth 4.music

5．accomplishments 6.developing 7.highly 8.economic 9．pressure 10.generosity

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