专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷177(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷177 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1.4 million children out of the picture altogether. (8) Equally worryingly, the consultation insists that any new poverty measure must resonate with the public. The latest British Social Attitudes survey shows just how widespread negative views of vulnerable groups in society are, but also makes clear that much of this shift in public opinion has been caused by current and previous government policies. (9) So, should we expect better measures of child poverty as a result of the consultation? Not better for the children growing up in low-income families for sure. And given the broader costs to society of child poverty, not better for anyone else—except, perhaps, a government that we suspect may be trying to avoid being held to account.

1． What will NOT lead vulnerable families to poverty according to the first paragraph?

A．Sharp decline in tax credits.

B．A three-year freeze in child benefit. C．Uprating unemployment benefits. D．The adoption of RPI instead of CPI.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。文章第一段最后一句提到，税收抵免的大幅下降、三年儿童津贴的冻结、使用居民消费价格指数，而不是更广泛的零售物价指数，作为提高失业救济金的依据——在本届议会任期内，这些都会使困难家庭陷入困境，[D]“使用零售物价指数而不是居民消费价格指数”与文意相反，所以为正确答案。[A]意为“税收抵免的大幅下降”，[B]意为“儿童津贴冻结三年”，[C]意为“提高失业救济金的申领等级”这三项在文中均有提及，故排除。 知识模块：阅读

2． The multidimensional indicator adopts the following measures EXCEPT______.

A．educational accomplishment B．unemployment C．unpayable debt D．family stability

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。文章第五段第二句表明，指标将失业、力偿还的债务和家庭稳定性的衡量标准结合在一起，从而得出一个可以长期追踪的重要数据。本句并未提及使用了“教育成效”，这一衡量标准在第三段最后一句中有所提及，是指为了衡量贫困而追踪的英国儿童福利指标之一，所以[A]为正确答案。[B]“失业”、[C]“力偿还的债务”和[D]“家庭稳定性”在本句中均有所提及，故排除。 知识模块：阅读

3． It can be inferred from the last paragraph that______.

A．we can get better measures of child poverty from this consultation B．changing the child poverty measures can’t help poor children

C．the government can’t benefit from better measures of child poverty D．the government avoids taking the responsibility

正确答案：B

解析：推断题。由文章最后一段第二句可知，贫困儿童更好的衡量标准对于在低收入家庭中长大的儿童没有任何好处，由此可知，改变贫困儿童衡量标准并不会对贫穷儿童有所帮助，所以[B]为正确答案。最后一段第一句是一个问句，并未肯定此次磋商能讨论出更好的贫困儿童衡量标准，故排除[A]；本段最后一句提到除了以外，其他任何人都得不到好处，因此[C]“不能从贫困儿童更好的衡量标准中获益”与文意相反，故排除；[D]“逃避责任”是文章最后一句的字面意思，故排除。 知识模块：阅读

(1) Comedy’s legendary Monty Python members—you know, “I’m a lumberjack (伐木工) and I’m okay,” the Killer Rabbit, the Dead Parrot—were tired of seeing their legendary sketches pirated and fuzzily posted on , free to whoever wanted a quick laugh. So they posted their own, higher-quality versions on —also free—but let fans know that complete DVD versions were available for purchase. Sales rose 23,000 percent. “Free worked, and worked brilliantly... People are making lots of money charging nothing. Not nothing for everything, but nothing for enough that we have essentially created a country-sized economy around the price of $0. 00. “ Anderson, 48, the editor of Wired magazine, discussed the allure of zero with Jesse Kornbluth. (2) In the 20th century, “free” meant giving away one thing to create demand for another. Get a free cell phone, for example, by buying a monthly plan. What is “free” now? (3) Yes, 20th-century “free” was about real objects made of atoms. Real costs were involved, so the consumer paid one way or another. In the 21st century, “free” is digital bit with marginal costs. For all practical purposes, they really are free. (4) In the digital economy, someone pays, but increasingly it’s not you. Google and Wikipedia, for example, don’t show up on your credit card. So how do you pay? Not with money, but with your time and attention. Some resources, of course, are scarce and getting scarcer; you pay for those. Digital goods and services, because they can be reproduced and distributed at almost no cost, are abundant. (5) Once you’ve given content away on the Web, can you get people to pay? Absolutely. Use “free” to get aln audience, then segment your user base so you have a free version and a premium one. The Wall Street Journal created a clever hybrid—some free articles, some available only to paid subscribers. (6) I get the sense that—when it comes to news, anyway—we’ll soon have two classes of Internet users: 1) people who have money and will pay for quality reporting and analysis, and 2) people who are less well-off or care less about quality and will accept any information that’s free. So the elite will be better informed, and others may get trashier media. (7) I’m simply observing what happens in economics when

marginal costs fall. In economic terms, “free” is the| law of gravity. / don’t tell the apple to fall; it just falls. I don’t tell water to flow downhill; it just does. In that way, it’s simple; As costs approach zero, “free” prevails.

4． We can infer from the second and third paragraphs that in the 21st century______.

A．all information is free

B．digital economy is the most important

C．the real “free” commodity finally shows up D．a free cell phone does not exist any more

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。在原文第二、三段作者对比了20世纪和21世纪“免费”概念的不同，在20世纪，“免费”意味着一种赠送，这种赠送是为了创造对另一种产品的需求，消费者实际上是以某种方式为“免费”买单。由第三段最后两句可知，在21世纪，“免费”的产品是数字的，仅涉及边际成本，它们真的是免费的。所以[C]符合题目要求，为正确答案。 知识模块：阅读

5． It can be inferred from the sentence “/ don’t tell the apple to fall; it just falls. “ in the last paragraph that______.

A．free has been the trend

B．the apple will fall when it ripens

C．the fall of apple is a natural phenomenon D．all people will have free lunch

正确答案：A

解析：推断题。由原文最后一段第二、三、四句可知，作者认为，“免费”就是经济领域的重力规律，就像苹果成熟会自然下落，水会往低处流一样，故[A]“免费已成为趋势”符合题目要求，为正确答案。[B]“苹果成熟后会自然下落”和[C]“苹果下落是一种自然规律”两个选项只停留在句子的表层含义，故排除；[D]“所有人都有免费的午餐”与原文不符，故排除。 知识模块：阅读

6． According to the passage, which one is CORRECT? A．Complete DVD versions were all free on .

B．The conception of “free” now is the same as that of the 20th century. C．In the digital economy you will pay nothing to get information. D．You will pay if you require the quality reporting and analysis.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。此题考查对全文信息的把握。由第六段第一句可知，互联网客户将很快被分为两个群体，其中一部分就是有钱并愿意为优质的报道和分析付费的客户，[D]“如果想得到优质的报道和分析你将要付费”符合题目要求，故为正确答案。由第一段第二句可知，巨蟒组合的成员们在网站上公布

正版视频，但其目的是推进完整正版DVD的销售量，故排除[A]；第二、三段指出“免费”的概念发生了变化，故排除[B]；由第四段第五句可知，为了购买某些稀缺资源，你必须付费，故排除[C]“数字信息时代所有信息都是免费的”。 知识模块：阅读

(1) Each of us has abilities, whether physical, mental or social. What most of us don’t realize is that teaching these skills to children can help transform their lives. That’s why coaching can have such an enormous impact. For American kids, learning not only a skill but also how to work together is the perfect foundation for their future success. (2) Maybe you don’t like athletics or haven’t pursued them since grade school, but don’t give up on coaching just yet. Neither coaching nor teamwork is the exclusive province of sports. The stunning resurgence in the popularity of spelling bees demonstrates that competition, dedication, and big goals can be part of all children’s lives. In fact, there are all kinds of coaching experiences available that have nothing to do with muscles and games. From debating to building robots to making music, team-oriented programs for kids are exploding, and they all need people like us to help. (3) Think about your skills. Are you good at chess? Tennis? Maybe you give a speech like Daniel Webster. Then find out what programs are at your local schools, library, or community center that align with your specialty. And if there isn’t a program, take the next step. For children in areas in which funds are scarce, there aren’t many activities to choose from at schools or community centers. Stand up for those kids and ask yourself what you can do to create a new “team” opportunity. (4) Remember also that children who are new to a craft or sport don’t need a great master, just some guidance. In other words, you don’t have to be Tiger Woods to teach golf or Annie Leibowitz to teach photography. You just have to be willing to share yourself. Show a child how to play Scrabble, solve crossword puzzles, debate, care for bonsai (盆景), build Lego sculptures, work with papier-mache (纸塑), or figure out Rubik’s Cube. There’s a tournament out there for just about every skill; why not give a child the thrill of being recognized for a new talent? And yes, coaching baseball, football, basketball, soccer, or any other traditional sport is always an amazing way to give. (5) We can’t emphasize it enough; Our society’s obsession with popular culture and video games is often in direct conflict with the values of hard work and collaboration, and ongoing improvement that we so want our children to have. Absent a counterbalance (平衡抵消物), these cultural forces teach kids to become passive spectators in life. Help children learn that they can achieve anything they set their minds on, and not watch life go by from the lonely isolation of a sofa.

7． According to the author, the American kids______. A．have to face their lives’ impact B．can’t realize their future success C．need to learn how to collaborate D．have serious learning problems

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。文章首段末句提及美国孩子们不仅要学一项技能，还要学会如何在一起工作才是他们未来成功的最佳基础，[C]与之相符，故为答案。[A]“必须面对生活的影响”在原文中并未明确提及，故排除；首段末句只是提及美国孩子未来成功需要什么，并未提及他们看不到未来的成功，故排除[B]；首段末句提及要学一项技能，并不能推出他们存在严重的学习问题，故排除[D]。 知识模块：阅读

8． It can be inferred from Para. 4 that______. A．golf and photography skills don’t fit children B．there must be a tournament for the skill you teach C．getting ready to share is the basis of helping children D．traditional sports are neglected by the children now

正确答案：C

解析：推断题。文章第四段第三句提及你只需乐意分享即可，[C]与之相符，故为答案。该段第二句提及高尔夫和摄影，但并未说它们不适合孩子学，故排除[A]；该段倒数第二句只是提及几乎每项技能都有对应的锦标赛，并非说要教的技能必须要有锦标赛，故排除[B]；该段末句只是提及传统体育一直都是一种很棒的给予方式，并未说明传统体育被孩子们忽视了，故排除[D]。 知识模块：阅读

(1) Diamonds, sparkling under an African sun, have an attraction commensurate (相称的) with their high price and beauty. For Anglo-American the opportunity to get their hands on some more has proved too much to resist. On November 4th the global mining giant announced that it would acquire me 40% of De Beers, a company that mines two-fifths of the world’s diamonds, from the Oppenheimer family for $5.1 billion. This takes Anglo-American’s stake in De Beers to 85% ; the rest is owned by the government of Botswana, where the firm digs up its gems. (2) The price looks right. Demand for diamonds has bounced back after the credit crisis in 2008 and the following recession in the rich world. More and more wealthy Indians and Brazilians seem keen to sport a “rock” to show just how well they are doing. And the shrewd Oppenheimers do not seem to be getting out of the business because its future looks bleak. There is apparently no family member who wants to take on diamond mining. Nicky Oppenheimer, De Beers’s chairman, foresaw the sale in February when he stood down from the board of Anglo-American. (3) For Anglo-American it resolves the issue of its non-controlling stake in De Beers. Analysts have long reckoned it should either sell or try to increase its stake. In fact the firm might yet spin off De Beers with an IPO. The terms of the deal allow the Oppenheimers to pocket some more cash from a flotation (发行上市) or sale in the next couple of years, suggesting that such an outcome is not unlikely. (4) It would also make sense. Anglo-American is a different beast to the global diversified mining giants that would count as its competitors. It stood apart from the wave of mining mega-mergers over the past decade or so—except as a potential target. The

consolidation and the emergence of huge markets for the world’s resources have propelled BHP Billiton, for instance, to become one of the world’s biggest listed companies. (5) Many would claim that Anglo-American has suffered as a result. Once one of the world’s biggest miners, it now ranks alongside Xstrata, a company just ten years old, which in 2009 even attempted a nil-premium takeover of Anglo. It also has a significant portion of its assets in South Africa. And unlike its peers it has a large platinum business, as well as all the diamonds. (6) Anglo-American’s recent strategy has been to diversify out of South Africa, where the threat of nationalization, scarcely credible but a fear for investors none the less, hangs over it. Black-empowerment laws, a scarcity of water and electricity as well as an obstinate workforce make it a difficult place to operate. Botswana is far more accommodating, but it might also make sense to get out of diamonds: it is a business that is more about branding the rocks and less about the savvy (懂行的) capital deployment and logistical (物流的) know-how that are the hallmarks of the mining business. If that is Anglo’s eventual aim, then the deal looks like a smart move.

9． According to Para. 1, Anglo-American______. A．would acquire a 40% holding of De Beers B．mines two-thirds of the world’s diamonds

C．will earn $ 5.1 billion from Oppenheimer family D．digs up most of its gems in South America

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。根据文章第一段第三句可知，11月4日，这家全球矿业巨头宣布将以5l亿美元的价格从奥本海默家族手里收购戴比尔斯公司40％的股份，该公司开采的钻石占全球钻石开采量的五分之二，[A]陈述正确，故为答案，同时排除[B]和[C]。根据本段最后一句可知，这令英美资源集团在戴比尔斯公司的股份增加至85％；剩余的股份由博茨瓦纳持有，戴比尔斯公司正是在该国开采钻石，[D]陈述错误，故排除。 知识模块：阅读

10． According to the passage, which of the following statements about global mining business is INCORRECT?

A．Anglo-American has become a mining mega-merger.

B．BHP Billiton has become one of the biggest listed companies.

C．Anglo-American was once almost taken over by a company of ten years old. D．Xstrata has a business in South Africa both in platinum and diamonds.

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。根据文章第四段第三句可知，在过去的大约十年里，英美资源集团一直远离矿业的巨资并购浪潮，[A]“英美资源集团已经成为一个大规模的矿业合并企业”陈述错误，故为答案。根据第四段第四句可知，这样的合并以及全球资源巨大需求市场的出现已经促使必和必拓公司(BHP Billiton)成为全球最大的上市公司之一，[B]“必和必拓已经成为全球最大的上市公司之一”表述

正确，故排除；根据第五段第二至四句可知，英美资源集团曾经是世界上最大的矿业公司之一，而现在的排名却与斯特拉塔不相上下，斯特拉塔仅成立了十年，在2009年甚至尝试无溢价收购英美资源集团。斯特拉塔在南非也有重要份额的产业。与业内其他公司不同，除了钻石以外，它还有大型的铂金业务。由此可知，[C]“英美资源集团曾经几乎被一个成立十年的公司收购”和[D]“斯特拉塔公司在南非有铂金和钻石业务”表述正确，故均排除。 知识模块：阅读

SECTION BIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with No more than TEN words in the space provided.

PASSAGE ONEWhy did the girl play basketball over and over again? 11． What is the passage mainly about?

正确答案：The consultation on child poverty yardstick． 解析：文章开篇提到就更好的贫困儿童衡量标准进行了磋商，然后谈论了磋商的内容和目的，最后谈到了磋商的可能结果，所以本文主要讨论的是关于贫困儿童衡量标准的磋商，故“The consultation on child poverty yardstick．”为正确答案。 知识模块：阅读

PASSAGE TWO

12． How, according to the author, do you pay in the digital economy?

正确答案：With your time and attention．

解析：根据第四段可知，在数字经济中，的确有人会为某些商品付钱，但是你越来越不需要成为那个支付者，你付出你的时间和注意力，而不是金钱。所以“With your time and attention．”为正确答案。 知识模块：阅读

PASSAGE THREE

13． What does the author think of coaching?

正确答案：It means more experiences besides sports．

解析：文章第二段第二句提及，训练或团队合作都并非体育的独有范畴，同时第四句提到，事实上，有很多可以进行的训练活动与肌肉和比赛无关。由此可推知，作者认为“训练”不仅局限于体育的范畴，故“It means more experiences besides sports．”为正确答案。 知识模块：阅读

14． What can we learn about popular culture from the passage?

正确答案：It has some passive effects on kids． 解析：文章末段首句提及，我们的社会对于流行文化和电子游戏的着迷经常与努力工作、合作和保持进步等我们迫切希望孩子们拥有的观念发生着直接的冲

突，同时该段第二句提及，这些文化力量将孩子们教育成生活中的消极旁观者。由此可推知，这些流行文化对孩子们不利，故“lt has some passive effects on kids．”为正确答案。 知识模块：阅读

PASSAGE FOUR

15． What does the word “that” in the last paragraph indicate?

正确答案：Branding the rocks．

解析：根据文章最后一段最后两句可知，钻石业更多依靠的是“石头”的品牌化，而不是精明的资本配置和物流技术，这些却都是采矿业的标志。如果that是英美资源集团的最终目标，那么此次交易看上去是个明智之举。文中冒号后面的内容是在解释说明为什么退出钻石业是明智的，而英美资源集团购入在博茨瓦纳的钻石公司，如果说是明智的话，其最终目标应该是“石头”的品牌化，可见，其中的that指代的是“Branding the rocks．”。 知识模块：阅读