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简单句的五个基本句型
She likes English. 主语 + 不及物动词
She is happy. 主语 + 及物动词+宾语
+直接宾语She gave John a book.主语 + 系动词+主语补语
主语 + 双宾动词+间接宾语 She bought a book for me.
主语 + 宾补动词
+ 宾语 + 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry.The teacher asked me to read the passage. ( There +beThere lies a book on the desk. ) 初中英语句子构造剖析
1. 基本句型 一:S +V i (主+不及物动词)
主语:能够作主语的成分出名词,主格代词,动词不定式,动名词等等。主语一般在句首。 谓语:谓语由动词组成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语以后。 不及物动词( vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓构造,
如: 1. We │come.
2. The sun│ rose. 3 She came.
4 My head aches.
此句型的句子有一个共同特色:即句子的谓语动词都能表达完好的意思。这种动词 叫做不及物动词,后边能够跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 2. 基本句型 二: S + V系 + P (主+系+表)
此句型的句子有一个共同的特色:句子谓语动词都不可以表达一个完好的意思, 一定加上一个表示主语身份或状态的表语组成复合谓语,才能表达完好的意思。这 类动词叫做连系动词。
如: 1. This │ is │ an English-Chinese dictionary.
2. The dinner │smells │good.
3. He │isgrowing │ tall and strong. 系动词主假如起到连系主语和表语的作用。
可分四类: 1. 表“是 ”如:be“是” (am, is, are, was, were)
2.表“感觉 ”如: look 看起来 feel 感觉,sound听起来,smell 闻起来,seem仿佛 3. 表“变”如: get 变得 , turn 变得 , grow 变得, go 变得 , come 变得 , become成为 4. 表“保持 ”如: keep 保持 , stay 保持
常用连系动词的用法:
①变为 ,变得: become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn
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口诀:好是 come,坏是 go; 天气、相貌慢慢 grow; 流水、金钱慢慢run;
颜色、天气大不一样 turn ;get / become 口语化,假如要说就用它.
口诀解读 :
Come 一般表示事物由坏变好,结果是好的。如:Dreams come true梦.想成真。 Go 一般表示事物由好变坏,结果是不好的。
如:It's such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly今.天太热了,菜都馊了。
Grow 表示渐渐变化 ,重申的是迟缓变化的过程,后边常常接表示天气或相貌 变化的静态形容词。如:I want to grow old with you. 我想和你一同慢慢变老。 Run 与 grow 是对应的,其主语多为能流动,能耗费的东西。 如: Still water runs deep.静水深流。
Turn 多接表示颜色和天气的形容词,重视于表达与以前大不同样。 如: The weather suddenly turned hot天.气忽然变热了。
In spring the trees turn green, the flowers come out.春季树变绿了,花开了。
Get / become在口语表达时用得比许多, 但这两者对比, become相对正式些,其主语既能够是人也能够是物。
如: He got angry on hearing the news听.到这个信息,他变得很生气。
总之,不论英语多么 “变 ”化多端, 万“变 ”不离其宗。 英语学习的终极目标还是为了与人沟通,因此多在沟通中使用这些 “变化 ”词,才能真实掌握其内涵。
②保持某种状态: continue, keep, lie, remain, stand , stay. ③看起来,仿佛: appear, look, seem. ④感官动词: feel, smell, sound, taste.
注意: There be 构造:There be 表示‘存在有 ’。这里的 there 没有实质意义,不行与
副词“ there 那边”混杂。此构造后跟名词,表示“(存在)有某事物” 。
试比较: There is a boy there(.那边有一个男孩。)
前一个 there 无实义,后一个there 为副词‘那边 ’。
3. 基本句型 三: S + Vt + O (主+及物+宾)
此句型句子的共同特色是: 谓语动词 都拥有实义,都是主语产生的动作 ,
但不可以表达完好的意思, 一定跟有一个宾语 , 即动作的蒙受者,才能使意思完好。
这种动词叫做及物动词。
如:1. Who │knows │the answer?
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2. He │admits │ that he was mistaken
4. 基本句型 四: S + Vt + IO + DO (主+及物+间宾+直宾)
有些及物动词能够有两个宾语 , 这两个宾语往常一个指人 (间接宾语 );
一个指物(直接宾语 )。 eg: give / pass / bring / show
Give me a cup of tea please./ Pass our English teacher the book./ Bring it to me, please. / Show this house to Mr. Smith. 1.She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 2. He │ brought │you │a dictionary.
5. 基本句型 五:S + V t + O + OC(主+及物+宾+宾补)
此句型的句子的共同特色是:动词固然是及物动词,可是只跟一个宾语还不可以表达完好的意思,一定加上一个增补成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完好。 宾语补足语:位于宾语以后对宾语作出说明的成分。能够用作宾语补足语的有:名词,形容词,不定式,动名词,分词,介词短语等。
The war made him a soldier. (名词)
New methods make the job easy(.形容词) I often find him at work . (介词短语)
The teacher ask the students to close the windows(.不定式) I saw a cat running across the road.(此刻分词) Our teacher found the windows closed.(过去分词) 1. We │ called │the boy │ Jim.
英语句子成分区分详解
主语:就是一个句子陈说的对象,或是动作的履行者。它回答的是“谁”“什么 ”的问题。
如:我看书。谁看书?
“我 ”。“我 ”就是这句子的主语。主语由名词或相当于名词的词充任。(如动词不定式,
动名词,代词都可作主语,主语从句)主语(subject) :句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing.(代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history. ( 数词 ) Seeing is believing.(动名词) To see is to believe.(不定式)
What he needs is a book.(主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.( It 形式主语,主语从句是真实主语) 谓语:说明主语是什么,干什么,怎么样。它回答的是主语“干什么,是什么”的问题。 如上句中主语 “我 ”干什么? “看书 ”。 “看书 ”就是谓语。
一个句子,一般都可分红主、谓两大多数(祈使句是省主句)。再细分又可分红谓语(动词)、宾语,表语,
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补语(包含宾补和主补),定语,状语,同位语等。如第一例中谓语部分可区分红谓语(看)和宾语(书)。
句子谓语部分中心词必定假如一个动词,要么是行为动词,要么是系动词,不一样的动词组成不一样的句子种类。
的各样时态、人称和数的变化都在谓语动词上变。 谓语( predicate) :说明主语的动作、状态和特色。 We study English. He is asleep.
宾语:指谓语动词所波及的对象,由名、代、数,宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充任,但人称代词要用宾格。 如:还说上例。谓语动词是 “看 ”,看什么?看 “书 ”,“书 ”是动词 “看 ”所波及的对象,是“看 ”的宾语。
需要说明的是:只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语。 宾语: 1)动作的蒙受者 -----动宾
I like China. (名词)He hates you.(代词)
How many do you need? We need two. (数词) We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you.(动名词) I hope to see you again. (不定式)
Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
2) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词----- 介宾
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 双宾语 ----- 间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.
表语:是和系动词密切相连的。在陈说句中系动词后边的就是表语,这就是“主系表 ”构造。作表语的也是名词
性的词,也能够是从句。
表语( predicative ) :系动词以后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特色。
He is a teacher.(名词)
Seventy-four! You don ’ t look it. (代词) Five and five is ten. (数词)
He is asleep.(形容词) His father is in.(副词)
The picture is on the wall.(介词短语 )
My watch is gone / missing / lost.(形容词化的分词)
To wear a flower is to say “ I’ m poor, I can ’ t buy a ring. (不定式) The question is whether they will come.(表语从句)
(常有的系动词有: be, sound(听起来) , look(看起来) , feel( 摸起来, smell(闻起来) , taste(尝、吃起来) remain(保持,还是), feel(感觉) ... It sounds a good idea.
The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired.
,
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定语:修饰限命名词、代词的词,说明所修饰词的性质、特色等,
如 a tall boy 中, tall 修饰 boy,tall 是 boy 的定语。可作定语的有形容词、名词、副词、定语从句、分词等。不定代词的定语一律后置。定语:修饰或名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher. (名词) He is our friend. (代词)
We belong to the third world.(数词)
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词) The man over there is my old friend.( 副词 )
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. ( 介词 ) The boys playing football are in Class 2.(此刻分词)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词) I have an idea to do it well.(不定式)
You should do everything that I do.(定语从句)
状语:修饰动词、副词、形容词甚至整句,说明谓语动作发生的时间、地址、方式、陪伴情况、目的等等。 如:他在灯下看书。 “在灯下 ”是状语。
补语:增补说明主语或宾语的成份,增补说明主语的叫主语补足语,增补宾语叫宾语补足语。 如:他把我逗笑了。 He made me laugh.主语: he; 谓语: made; 宾语: me; 宾补: laugh. 补语和它增补说明的成份之间有逻辑上的主 谓关系,这能够把它和其余成份区分开。如:上句宾语me 和宾补 laugh 之间, laugh 的动作是 me 来做的。这 就是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。把这两部分单取出来能够成一句完好的话,即I laughed, 宾补:对宾语的增补,全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor.(名词)
We all think it a pity that she didn ’ t come here.(名) We will make them happy. (形容词) We found nobody in. ( 副词 )
Please make yourself at home.介词短语) Don’ t let him do that. (省 to 不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带 to 不定式) Don’ t keep the lights burning. (此刻分词) I’ ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词) 主补:对主语的增补。 He was elected monitor.
She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
语法是句子的框架,学语法应当说是学习语言的一个捷径。相对而言,句子的灵魂是词汇,学习是个长久累积过程,词汇累积更是这样。学习也要讲究方法,活学活用,在运用中记忆,不可以照本宣科。此外,语言都有些相通的地方,联合母语比较学习也很有效。 I will go there tomorrow.
The meeting will be held in the meetingroom. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’tstudy hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.
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Though he is young, he can do it well. 简单句的五个基本句型 主语 + 不及物动词 主语 + 及物动词 +宾语 主语 + 系动词
+主语补语
She came. / My head aches.
She likes English.
She is happy.
主语 + 双宾动词 +间接宾语 +直接宾语 She gave John a book. She bought a book for me.
主语 + 宾补动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry. The teacher asked me to read the passage. ( There +beThere lies a book on the desk. ) Exercises
句子构造剖析练习题
一. 选出以下句子的基本句型。
a,S +Vi b, S +V t +P
c,S +V系 +O
d,S +Vt + IO + DO e,S +V t + O + OC 1. Pleas tell us a story._______ 3. I have a lot work to do._____
2. She smiled.______
4. His job is to train swimmers._____ 5. He noticed a man enter the room._____ 6. Please look at the picture._____ 二.写出以下句子的基本句型。 1. Who cares?
2. Everything looks different. 3. His face turned red. 4. He enjoys reading.
5. He said \"Good morning.\"
6. She looked after the old man. 7. Our team beat all the others. 8. I showed him my pictures.
9. I told him that the bus was late.
10. He showed me how to run the machine.
三. 区分句子成分
句子成分
2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 1. Our school is not far from my home.
4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
3. All of us considered him honest.
6. He made it clear that he would leave the city . 5. He broke a piece of glass.
8. Tees turn green when spring comes. 7. ---I love you more than her , child .
10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.9. They pushed the door open.
句子构造练 习:
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主谓构造 ( 主语 + 不及物动词 ) 1你应当努力学习。2她昨天回家很晚。
3那一天清晨我们谈了好多。4会议将连续两个小时。 5在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 主谓宾构造 (主语 +及物动词 +宾语 ) 1昨晚我写了一封信。2今日下午我想同你说说。 3这本书他读过多次了。4他们成功地达成了计划。 5你们一定在两周内看完这些书。
主系表构造 (主语 +系动词+表语)
1我的兄弟都是大学生。
2冬天白日短,夜晚3布朗夫人看起来很健康。 长。
的钢琴家了。
)5孩子们,请保持寂静。
双宾语构造 (主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
1 Johnson 先生昨年教我们德语。
2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个风趣的故事。3. Mary 把钱包交给校长了。4.请把那本词典递给我好吗? 5.他把车票给列车员看。
复合宾语构造 (主语 +动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 ) 1我们叫她 Alice.2他的父亲母亲给他取名为John. 3我们大家都以为他是诚实的。4他们把门推开了。 5他们把小偷开释了。 There be 句型
1今夜没有会。2这个村庄过去只有一口井。
3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。4客人中间有两名美国人和两名法国人。 5天气预告说下午有狂风。
4十五岁他就成为出名
Keys 句子成分
1.主语 + 系动词 + 表语 5.主语 +及物动词 +宾语 7.主语 +及物动词 +宾语
2.主语 +系动词+表语
6.主语 +动词 + 形式宾语 it+ 宾语补足语 +宾语 8.主语 +系动词+表语
3.主语 +动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 4.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
9.主语 +动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 10.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
句子构造
主谓构造 ( 主语 + 不及物动词 ) 1You should study hard.
2 She went home very late yesterday evening. 3That morning we talked a great deal. 4The meeting will last two hours.
5Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 主谓宾构造 (主语 + 及物动词 +宾语 ) 1.I wrote a letter last night.
2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.
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3.He has read this book many times.
4.They have carried out the plan successfully.
5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks. 主系表构造 (主语 + 系动词+主语补语 ) 1My brothers are all college students. 2In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. 3 Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 4At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. 5 Children, keep quiet please.
双宾语构造 (主语 + 双宾动词 +间接宾语 +直接宾语 ) 1Mr Johnson taught us German last year.
2Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. 4Would you please pass me the dictionary? 5He showed the ticket to the conductor.
复合宾语构造
(主语 + 宾补动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补语 )1We call her Alice.2His parents named him John.
3All of us considered him honest.4They pushed the door open. 5They have set the thief free. There be 句型
1There isn’tgoing to be a meeting tonight. 2There was only a well in the village.
3There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school. 4Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. 5The weatherman says there’llbe a strong wind in the afternoon.
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