专业英语四级(语法与词汇)模拟试卷139 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有: 4. GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY
PART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY (15 MIN)Directions: There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. It was really______of you to remember my birthday. A.grateful B.thoughtful C.considerable D.generous
正确答案:B
解析:形容词辨析题。grateful意为“感激的”;thoughtful意为“体贴的,关心的”;considerable意为“相当多(大)的”;generous意为“慷慨的”。根据句意可知,[B]为答案。 知识模块:语法与词汇
2. His plan is carefully prepared and full of details,so it is a very______one. A.elaborate B.refined C.ambitious D.complex
正确答案:A
解析:形容词辨析题。elaborate意为“详尽的”;refined意为“经过改良提炼的”:ambitious意为“有抱负的”;complex意为“复杂的”。根据句意,应选择与carefully prepared and full ofdetails意思相近的词,故[A]为答案。 知识模块:语法与词汇
3. She must have been pretty_____to fall for such an old trick. A.interested B.gullible C.enthusiastiC D.shrewd
正确答案:B 解析:形容词辨析题。interested意为“感兴趣的”;gullible意为“易受骗的”;enthusiastic意为“热心的”;shrewd意为“精明的”。这里句意为“她一定很容易受骗”,因此[B]为答案。 知识模块:语法与词汇
4. School started on a______cold day in February.
A.severe B.bitter C.such D.frozen
正确答案:B
解析:形容词辨析题。这里考查一个能用在形容词cold前面的词。bitter可以是形容词,也可以用作副词,有“极其”之意,因此a bitter cold day表示“极其寒冷的一天”,故选[B]。severe是形容词,表示“严重的”之意,不能修饰cold;同理,frozen意为“冰冻的”,也不能用在本句中;如果用such的话,应该是such a cold day,[C]不符合本句语法要求,故排除。 知识模块:语法与词汇
5. In the face of unexpected difficulties,he demonstrated a talent for quick,______action.
A.determining B.defensive C.demanding D.decisive
正确答案:D 解析:形容词辨析题。decisive意为“果断的”,例如:A decisive person is needed to deal with thesituation.(应付这一局面需要—个坚决果断的人。)句中的quick和decisive构成近义关系,符合本处语义衔接关系,故[D]为答案。determing是动词determine的现在分词,不能用作形容词;defensive意为“防御的,保卫的”,例如:a defensive treaty“防御条约”;demanding意为“要求高的,吃力的”,例如:Teaching is a demanding profession.(教学工作是个要求很高的工作。) 知识模块:语法与词汇
6. Because of the economic crisis,industrial output in the region remained______.
A.motionless B.inactive C.stagnant D.immobile
正确答案:C
解析:形容词辨析题。stagnant意为“(经济)不景气的,停滞的”;例如:Due to low investment,our industrial output has remained stagnant.(由于投资少,我们的工业生产一直停滞不前。)所以[C]stagnant符合本句语境。motionless意为“不动的,静止的”,例如:He stands motionless andsilent,looking neither to the right nor to the left.(他一动也不动地站着,默不作声,既不左顾,也不右盼。)immobile意为“不动的,静止的”,例如:The deer stood immobile among the trees.(那只鹿一动不动地站在树丛里。)这两个词都可以指身体上的静止。inactive意为“不活动的,怠惰的”,例如:I don’t want to lead an inactive life.(我不想过沉闷的
生活。) 知识模块:语法与词汇
7. For the advertised position,the company offers a(n)______salary and benefits package.
A.generous B.plentiful C.abundant D.sufficient
正确答案:A
解析:形容词辨析题。generous意为“丰富的”,是指larger or more than the usual size oramount之意,从句意可知,这里是介绍该职位的优厚条件,因此a generous salary和benefitpackage是指优厚的薪酬以及高福利,故选[A]。而plentiful意为“大量的,丰富的”,指more thanenough in quantity,为普通用词,指某物的数量多得称心如意,不过剩,但较少用于描写抽象之物,例如:a plentiful supply of food(大量的食物供应。)abundant指“丰富的,充裕的”时,语气比plentiful强,数量比plentiful多,着重指某物极为丰富有或大量的供应,例如:abundant in petroleumdeposits(丰富的石油蕴藏量。)sufficient意为“足够的”,指as much as is needed for a particularpurpose,每个人对与薪水和福利的要求不同,因此在介绍某一工作时,一般不会说sufficient salary。 知识模块:语法与词汇
8. Winter is the______season at most hotels in this seaside town,because very few tourists come to stay.
A.slow B.slack C.low D.quiet
正确答案:C 解析:形容词辨析题。slow表示“清闲的”,如a slow day quiet意为“安静”,与语境不符;slack表示与通常情况相比生意“萧条的;清淡的”;low与season连用表示the least busy part ofthe time,即淡季(期间酒店会提供优惠价格),相比较[C]更符合语境。 知识模块:语法与词汇
9. We had a good time there, and the food was plentiful and______. A.conductive B.wholesome C.helpful
D.appreciative
正确答案:B
解析:形容词辨析题。wholesome意为“有益健康的”,显然,wholesome可用来形容food,故[B]符合本题语境。conducive意为“有助于……的”,例如:Fresh air is conducive to health.(新鲜空气有助于健康。)appreciative意为“感激
的,有鉴识力的”。 知识模块:语法与词汇
10. The young people has a(n)______quality—he is totally honest. A.respectable B.admirable C.decent
D.approachable
正确答案:C
解析:形容词辨析题。decent这个词有多种词义,在口语中,意为“相当好的”,可用于指人的品德好,这与破折号后面的honest属于同一语义场,符合语境,故为答案。respectable意为“值得尊敬的”;admirable意为“令人赞赏的,令人钦佩的”。虽然respectable和admirable都是褒义词,但均带有仰视的含义,而本题提及的是一个young people,两个词的语体色彩不符合语境。approachable意为“平易近人的,随和的”,这里approachable与honest无关,故排除。 知识模块:语法与词汇
11. The moon, being much nearer to the Earth than the Sun, is the______cause of the tides.
A.principal B.basiC C.initial
D.elementary
正确答案:A 解析:形容词辨析题。principal意为“主要的”,例如:My wages are the principal source of myincome.(薪金是我收入的主要来源。)正是月亮的运转引起涨潮和退潮,故[A]符合文意。basic意为“基础的”;initial意为“最初的”;elementary意为“基本的”,这三个词都没有体现出潮汐出现的主因是月亮这层含义,不符合常识,故排除。 知识模块:语法与词汇
12. The painting he bought at the street market the other day was a______forgery.
A.man-made B.natural C.crude D.real
正确答案:C
解析:形容词辨析题。crude此处意为“粗糙的,未加修饰的”,此处crude forgery意为“拙劣的赝品”,故选[C]。man-made表示“人造的”,与forgery无法搭配;而real与forgery是反义关系,不合逻辑;同理,natural也不符合句意。 知识模块:语法与词汇
13. The bar in the club is for the______use of its members. A.extensive B.exclusive C.inclusive
D.comprehensive
正确答案:B
解析:形容词辨析题。exclusive的意思是“独有的,独占的,专用的”,例如:This bathroom isfor the President’s exclusive use.(这间洗澡间是总统专用的。)故[B]为正确答案。extensive意为“广阔的,广泛的”;inclusive意为“包含的,包括的”;comprehensive意为“全面的,综合的”,这三项均不符合上下文语义关系。 知识模块:语法与词汇
14. The tuition fees are______to students coming from low-income families. A.approachable B.payable C.reachable D.affordable
正确答案:D
解析:形容词辨析题。affordable意为“支付得起的”;approachable意为“平易近人的”;reachable意为“可达成的,可获得的”;payable意为“可支付的;有利可图的”。这里fees areaffordable是指“费用是可以接受的、承受的”,故选[D]。其他几个词均无此意。 知识模块:语法与词汇
15. The reception was attended by______members of the local community. A.excellent B.conspicuous C.prominent D.noticeable
正确答案:C 解析:形容词辨析题。prominent表示“杰出的,重要的,引人注目的”;excellent虽然有“杰出的”之意,但不含“重要的,引人注目的”的意思;conspicuous表示“显眼的,显而易见的”;noticeable表示“明显的,显著的”,也无“重要的”之意。所以本题应选[C]prominent。 知识模块:语法与词汇
16. His______brain has worked away on the idea of a universal cure. A.rich B.quick
C.productive D.fertile
正确答案:D
解析:形容词辨析题。fertile表示“(土地)肥沃的,富饶的”,也指“主意多的,有创造力的”,故[D]为正确答案。rich表示“丰富的”时,多作表语;quick表示“快的,急速的”,主要用来形容行动的速度,形容头脑反应快时常和mind搭配;productive表示“多产的,有生产能力的”,主要用来形容生产效率和生产方法。 知识模块:语法与词汇
17. The couple has donated a not______amount of money to the foundation. A.inconsiderable B.inconsiderate C.inaccurate D.incomparable
正确答案:A
解析:形容词辨析题。inconsiderable表示“微小的,不值得考虑的”,a not inconsiderableamount of money表示“数额不小的一笔钱”;inconsiderate表示“不体贴别人的,考虑不周的”;inaccurate表示“不准确的,不精确的”;incomparable表示“无与伦比的,不可比拟的”。根据句意应选[A]inconsiderable。 知识模块:语法与词汇
18. His ideas are invariably condemned as______by his colleagues. A.imaginative B.ingenious C.impractical D.theoretical
正确答案:C 解析:形容词辨析题。impractical表示“不切实际的”;imaginative表示“(人)有想象力的”;ingenious表示“(人)机灵的,善于创造发明的;(方法等)巧妙的”;theoretical表示“理论的”。前边的谓语动词condemned,表示“指责;宣称……不宜”,这表明后边的形容词应该是贬义的,所以选[C]impractical。 知识模块:语法与词汇
19. The heat in summer is no less______here in this mountain region. A.concentrated B.extensive C.intense D.intensive
正确答案:C
解析:形容词辨析题。intense heat是习惯搭配,表示“酷热”,故[C]为正确答案。concentrated表示“集中的,浓缩的”;extensive表示“广泛的”;intensive表示“加强的”,多用于intensive training,intensive pressure等搭配。 知识模块:语法与词汇
20. Once a picture is proved to be a forgery, it becomes quite______. A.invaluable B.priceless C.unworthy D.worthless
正确答案:D
解析:形容词辨析题。worthless表示“不值钱的,无价值的”;invaluable和priceless都表示“无价的,宝贵的”;unworthy表示“不值得的,不应得的”。根据句意应选[D]worthless。 知识模块:语法与词汇
21. She answered with an______”No” to the request that she attend the public hearing.
A.eloquent B.effective C.emotional D.emphatic
正确答案:D
解析:形容词辨析题。emphatic表示“加强语气的,强调的,着重的”,修饰“No”表示语气强烈的否定或拒绝;eloquent表示”有口才的,雄辩的”;effective表示“有效的,起作用的”;emotional表示“情感的,情绪的”。根据句意应选[D]emphatic。 知识模块:语法与词汇
22. Everyone who has visited the city agrees that it is______with life. A.vibrant B.violent C.energetiC D.full
正确答案:A
解析:形容词辨析题。vibrant表示“充满生气的;兴奋的”,be vibrant with life表示“生机勃勃,生机盎然”;violent表示“强烈的,猛烈的;暴力的”;energetic表示“精力充沛的”;而full要与of搭配。根据句意和搭配要求应选[A]vibrant。 知识模块:语法与词汇
23. The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of weapons and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of the______.
A.latter B.latest C.later D.last
正确答案:A
解析:形容词辨析题。the latter表示“后者”;the latest表示“最新的”;the later不能构成搭配;the last表示“最后的”。根据句意应选[A]latter。 知识模块:语法与词汇
24. With______exceptions, the former President does not appear in public now. A.rare B.unusual
C.extraordinary D.unique
正确答案:A
解析:形容词辨析题。rare表示“稀有的,罕见的,难得的,特别的”,with rare exceptions表示“除了极其特殊的情况”,故[A]为正确答案。unusual表示“不平常的,异常的”;extraordinary表示“非常的,特别的;额外的”;unique表示“唯一的,独特的”。 知识模块:语法与词汇
25. We have been hearing______accounts of your work. A.favoured B.favourable C.favourite D.favouring
正确答案:B
解析:形容词辨析题。favoured表示“受人喜爱的,偏袒的”;favourable表示“赞许的;有利的”;favourite表示“(让人)最喜欢的”;favouring是favour的现在分词。根据句意应选[B]favourable。 知识模块:语法与词汇
26. During the summer holiday season there are no______rooms in this seaside hotel.
A.empty B.blank C.deserted D.vacant
正确答案:D
解析:形容词辨析题。vacant表示“空的,空缺的”,指位置无人占用,例如:a vacant seat/position;empty表示“空的,空无一人的”,指没有物或人在其中;blank表示“空白的,未填写的”;deserted表示“被舍弃的;无人的”。根据句意应选[D]vacant。 知识模块:语法与词汇
27. I think you can take a(n)______language course to improve your English. A.intermediate B.middle
C.medium D.mid
正确答案:A
解析:形容词辨析题。intermediate表示“在中间的水平、阶段,中级的”,侧重的是难易的程度;middle表示“中间的,的,在中间部分的”,常指方位;medium表示“中等的”,侧重的是尺寸上的大小;mid表示“中部的,占据中间位置的”,一般只用于表达时间。根据句意应选[A]intermediate。 知识模块:语法与词汇
28. The popularity of the film shows that the reviewers’ fears were completely______.
A.unjustified B.unjust C.misguided D.unaccepted
正确答案:A
解析:形容词辨析题。unjustified意为“未被证明其正确、有理、正当的;没有根据的”;unjust意为“非正义的,不公正的,不公平的”;misguided意为“被误导的,不明智的”;unaccepted意为“被拒绝的,不被认可的”。根据句意应选[A]unjustified。 知识模块:语法与词汇
29. The head of the Museum was______and let us actually examine the ancient manuscripts.
A.promising B.agreeing C.pleasing D.obliging
正确答案:D
解析:形容词辨析题。obliging意为“友善的,乐于助人的”;promising意为“有希望的,有前途的”;agreeing是agree的分词形式,不能单独做表语;pleasing意为“令人高兴的,合意的”。根据句意应选[D]obliging。 知识模块:语法与词汇
30. There has been a______lack of communication between the union and the management.
A.regretful B.regrettable C.regretting D.regretted
正确答案:B
解析:形容词辨析题。regrettable意为“令人遗憾的,使人懊悔的”,常用于由物作主语的结构中;regretful意为“遗憾的,惋惜的,抱歉的”,通常用于人作主语的系表结构中,或作名词的定语;regretting是动词的现在分词形式;regretted是动词的过去分词形式。根据句意应选[B]regrettable。 知识模块:语法与词汇
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